Showing posts with label fragrance. Show all posts
Showing posts with label fragrance. Show all posts

Friday, September 16, 2011

School Bans Perfumes After Reactions

School Bans Perfumes After Reactions
http://thetruthaboutmcs.blogspot.com/2011/09/school-bans-perfumes-after-reactions.html

School Bans Perfumes After Reactions: MyFoxPHILLY.com



30% of the population report allergies to fragrances according to scientific research. The school is doing the right thing for both the teacher and the students. Only one correction: The reported said the teacher is allergic to the "smell" of perfume. It's not the smell of perfume that causes allergies. It's the chemicals that make up the perfume ingredients and smell. Parents and students may not associate their headaches, allergies, asthma, and learning problems with fragrances in the classroom; however research shows that fragrances contain many toxic chemicals which affect children's neurological function. Some ingredients in perfumes have even been found on the Environmental Protection Agency hazardous waste list. Let's keep the hazardous waste out of classrooms! Kudo's to Chester Elementary School!

Key Words: multiple chemical sensitivity, chemical sensitivity, chemical sensitivities, multiple chemical sensitivities, MCS, EI, environmental illness, sick building syndrome, idiopathic environmental intolerance, fibromyalgia, chronic fatiuge, FM, CFS, mold illness, clinical ecology, alternative medicine, environmental medicine, neuropathy, encephalopathy, toxic, chemical

Saturday, May 28, 2011

Choose Friendships Over Fragrances

Choose Friendships Over Fragrances
http://thetruthaboutmcs.blogspot.com/2011/05/choose-friendships-over-fragrances.html



Key Words: multiple chemical sensitivity, chemical sensitivity, chemical sensitivities, multiple chemical sensitivities, MCS, EI, environmental illness, sick building syndrome, idiopathic environmental intolerance, fibromyalgia, chronic fatiuge, FM, CFS, mold illness, clinical ecology, alternative medicine, environmental medicine, neuropathy, encephalopathy, toxic, chemical

Wednesday, May 4, 2011

Breathing Your Fragrance Really Hurts Me Sign


[Comment: This is a great sign designed by Harry in Australia and adapted for MCS America's hospital policy campaign. Thank you Harry!]

Breathing Your Fragrance Really Hurts Me Sign

Monday, June 28, 2010

Ambient Scenting and Scent Branding as Forced Drugging

Ambient scenting is a method of scent branding in the form of adding scent directly to Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning systems (HVAC) so that it disperses throughout airspace. The most common form of ambient scenting that has been touted for odor elimination and is familiar to most people is the use of air freshener.

Now, the fragrance industry has marketed scent branding for use in businesses and apartment buildings, claiming certain scents improve mood and productivity at home and work, and even increase business in retail establishments by changing consumer behavior. The intent is usually to make consumers vulnerable to marketing communications.[1]

Hotels have been encouraged by the industry to brand scents to trigger positive memories which they are told will make guests return and stay longer. Casino managers have been led believes that certain scents induce relaxation and drinking, both of which increase the likelihood that gamblers will stay longer and spend more.

Recent examples of the use the ambient scenting for mood altering purposes have made the news. New York magazine declared Scent Company Plans to Perfume Entire South Bronx Low-Income Building to Make It Happy.[2] Bloomberg Businessweek announced Scent Branding Sweeps the Fragrance Industry.[3] The New York Daily News has even spun an article attempting to market scent branding as ‘green’ in, Green Guru Majora Carter Plans To Pump New Perfume Into Hunts Point Apartment Building.[4]

Scents which are powerful enough to influence mood and customer purchases, however, affect brain function in the same way as an inhaled mind-altering psychoactive drug.

Scents as Mind Altering Drugs

A drug is defined as a chemical substance that affects the processes of the mind or body.[5] A mind-altering drug is one that produces an altered state of consciousness.5 A psychoactive drug is a chemical that “alters brain function, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood, consciousness, or behavior.”[6]

Such drugs are often used in medicine for treating neurological and psychological illnesses. Many are toxic, addictive, and/or brain and body destroying substances which produce unpleasant and sometimes life threatening side effects. These effects, including psychosis, stroke, heart attack, and suicidal ideations, are evidenced by the Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS), a computerized information database by the Food and Drug Administration used for surveillance of approved drugs.[7]-[8]

The synthetic chemicals which scents are made up of are claimed by the fragrance industry to alter mood and worker/consumer behaviors. Chemicals powerful enough to alter brain function and cause changes in perception, mood, consciousness, or behavior act in the same way as a psychoactive drug. Hence, these scents may have adverse effects and should require a medical exam and prescription from a licensed medical doctor prior to dispensing.

Fragrance Ingredients

Fragrances are made up of any number of over 5,000 different chemicals.[9] Common ingredients found in fragrances include acetone (a central nervous system depressant registered as hazardous waste by the Environmental Protection Agency), ethanol (known to cause drowsiness and damage to the central nervous system, registered as hazardous waste by the Environmental Protection Agency), linalool (a narcotic linked to central nervous system disorders), and a-terpineol (excitotoxic and central nervous system depressant).

Fragrance ingredients are protected by trade secret law and, therefore, undisclosed on the label. A recent study found that, “the average fragrance product tested contained 14 secret chemicals not listed on the label. Among them are chemicals associated with hormone disruption and allergic reactions, and many substances that have not been assessed for safety in personal care products… Also in the ranks of undisclosed ingredients are chemicals with troubling hazardous properties or with a propensity to accumulate in human tissues. These include diethyl phthalate, a chemical found in 97 percent of Americans and linked to sperm damage in human epidemiological studies, and musk ketone, a synthetic fragrance ingredient that concentrates in human fat tissue and breast milk.”[10]

Upon realizing that scents are inhaled mind and body altering drugs, it's not difficult to understand why ambient scenting is so effective or why some people have negative health reactions to scents.

Forced Drugging & Citizen Rights

The government consistently wages wars against the use of illicit psychoactive drugs by citizens. However, fragrance is a double standard that has slipped through without regulation. The fundamental difference between illicit drugs and fragrance is that illicit drugs are taken by users for the purpose of recreation with full will and knowledge. While fragrances are being imposed upon others in public places, often against will and even without knowledge in the case of subtle scent branding.

Exposing people to the psychoactive substances in fragrances for the purpose of changing mood and behavior against will, without knowledge, and without informed consent is the equivalent of forced drugging. Forced drugging of the public for the purpose of altering mood, thoughts, and behaviors is a violation of an individual’s fundamental right to freedom of thought.

Health Concerns

A great danger exists by chemically inducing changes in mood and behavior in a group of unsuspecting people. Factors which must be considered include the state of an individual's brain, mental and physical health, and other medications. The effects of ambient scenting may not be those desired, but rather adverse. Besides the potential to induce erratic behavior, there are many health effects.

Over 30% of the population experience ambient scent as an irritant.[11] Fragrances are well known to adversely impact those with asthma, allergies, and chemical sensitivities.[12],[13]

A new report reviewed 37 scientific studies and discovered many health concerns regarding fragrances.[14]

"Fragranced consumer products have been associated with a range of health effects that include headaches, chest tightness and wheezing, infant diarrhea and vomiting, mucosal irritation, reduced pulmonary function, asthma and asthmatic exacerbations, rhinitis and airway irritation, sense organ irritation, and epidermal effects such as contact dermatitis," say Stanley M. Caress, PhD and Anne C. Steinemann, PhD, "While the emphasis of prior work has been on epidermal exposure effects, consistent with intentional use of products, other exposure routes such as inhalation can be of concern for unintentional and public exposures to fragranced products."

Unintentional is one thing ambient scenting is not. Ambient scents are quite purposely and selectively chosen for their properties and impact on mood and thinking. In order to have this impact, scents must affect neurotransmitter balance and essentially alter normal central nervous system and brain function.

Conclusion

Ambient scenting is a method of drugging people without their consent in public places and apartment buildings. This practice is intended to alter mood and decision making capacity without a license to practice medicine. It is a clear Orwellian human rights violation.

There is nothing more sacred to an individual than the necessity of a clear mind and body. No one should be forced to wear a respirator in order to protect this most prized possession while engaging in ordinary acts of living. Work places, schools, homes, and businesses should be free of the mind altering drugs, including ambient scent!

The brain is our central command and encompasses who we are, our personality, and our ability to function in a way that is essential for each of us.

Unregulated substances that affect this central command can produce regretful consequences by interfering with the ability to function by our own will as nature intended. No one has a right to impair another’s brain function!

Citations

[1] Kevin D. Bradford and Debra M. Desrochers. The Use of Scents to Influence Consumers: The Sense of Using Scents to Make Cents, Journal Business Ethics. November 2009;90:2;141-153.

[2] Scent company plans to perfume entire south Bronx low-income building to make it happy. (2010, June 17). New York Magazine, Retrieved from http://nymag.com/daily/intel/2010/06/scent_company_plans_to_perfume.html

[3] Scent branding sweeps the fragrance industry. (2010, June 16). Bloomberg Businessweek , Retrieved from http://www.businessweek.com/print/magazine/content/10_26/b4184085987358.htm

[4] Green guru majora carter plans to pump new perfume into hunts point apartment building. (2010, April 26). The New York Daily News, Retrieved from http://www.nydailynews.com/ny_local/bronx/2010/04/26/2010-04-26_ooh_la_la_bx_bldgs_new_scent.html

[5] Farlex, Inc. (2010). Psychoactive drug. The Free dictionary by farlex. Retrieved (2010, June 20) from http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/psychoactive+drug

[6] Psychoactive drug - definition. (2010). Worldiq. Retrieved (2010, June 20) from http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Psychoactive_drug

[7] Psychiatric Drug Side Effects Reported to the U.S. FDA. (2010). Citizens commission on human rights. Retrieved (2010, June 20) from http://www.cchrint.org/psychdrugdangers/medwatch_psych_drug_adverse_reactions.php

[8] Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS). (2010). Food and drug administration. Retrieved (2010, June 20) from http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Surveillance/AdverseDrugEffects/default.htm

[9] Fragrances. (2010). Fks, inc.. Retrieved (2010, June 20) from http://www.fks.com/

[10] Sarantis, H, Naidenko, OV, Gray, S, Houlihan, J, and Malkan, S. Not So Sexy, The Health Risks of Secret Chemicals in Fragrance. Environmental Working Group and Campaign for Safe Cosmetics. Retrieved (2010, June 20) from: http://www.ewg.org/files/SafeCosmetics_FragranceRpt.pdf

[11] Caress SM, Steinemann AC. Prevalence of fragrance sensitivity in the American population. J Environ Health. 2009 Mar;71(7):46-50.

[12] Elberling J, Linneberg A, Mosbech H, Dirksen A, Frølund L, Madsen F, Nielsen NH, Johansen JD. A link between skin and airways regarding sensitivity to fragrance products? Br J Dermatol. 2004 Dec;151(6):1197-203.

[13] Elberling J, Linneberg A, Mosbech H, Dirksen A, Menné T, Nielsen NH, Madsen F, Frølund L, Johansen JD. Airborne chemicals cause respiratory symptoms in individuals with contact allergy. Contact Dermatitis. 2005 Feb;52(2):65-72.

[14] What's That Smell? How the pine forest in your cleanings products may be hazardous to your health. (2010). Women's voices for the earth. Retrieved (2010, June 20) from http://www.womenandenvironment.org/campaignsandprograms/SafeCleaning/Whats_That_Smell.pdf

This op-ed article originally appeared in the MCS America News, July 2010 Issue http://mcs-america.org/july2010.pdf. For more articles on this topic, see: MCSA News.

Key Words: multiple chemical sensitivity, chemical sensitivity, chemical sensitivities, multiple chemical sensitivities, MCS, EI, environmental illness, sick building syndrome, idiopathic environmental intolerance, fibromyalgia, chronic fatiuge, FM, CFS, mold illness, clinical ecology, alternative medicine, environmental medicine, neuropathy, encephalopathy, toxic, chemical, fragrance, scent, ambient scenting, scent branding, perfume, cologne, drugs, drug abuse

Sunday, May 16, 2010

Not So Sexy: The Health Risks of Secret Chemicals in Fragrance


Not So Sexy: The Health Risks of Secret Chemicals in Fragrance
http://www.ewg.org/files/SafeCosmetics_FragranceRpt.pdf

A study by Heather Sarantis, MS, Commonweal; Olga V. Naidenko, PhD, Sean Gray, MS, and Jane Houlihan, MSCE, Environmental Working Group; and Stacy Malkan, Campaign for Safe Cosmetics

Key Words: multiple chemical sensitivity, chemical sensitivity, chemical sensitivities, multiple chemical sensitivities, MCS, EI, environmental illness, sick building syndrome, idiopathic environmental intolerance, fibromyalgia, chronic fatiuge, FM, CFS, mold illness, clinical ecology, alternative medicine, environmental medicine, neuropathy, encephalopathy, toxic, chemical

Thursday, September 11, 2008

Fragrances, Perfumes, and Cologne Can Be Toxic and Dangerous

11 checked out at hospital after perfume sickens students
http://www.unionleader.com/article.aspx?headline=11+checked+out+at+hospital+after+perfume+sickens+students&articleId=20b56f60-0a8d-4daf-a049-0caf295b1bb5b

Perfume sickens students, bus driver
http://www.unionleader.com/article.aspx?headline=Perfume+on+bus+makes+students+ill&articleId=0831a23f-527d-4f8d-bdb4-b5c4da40d66c


A 2007 seminar conducted by the Massachusetts Nurses Association (MNA) revealed the following facts about fragrances:
= There are 3,000–5,000 chemicals used in fragrances.
= 95% of these chemicals are derived from petroleum.
= The perfume industry is not regulated by any government agency.
= In 1986, the National Academy of Sciences targeted fragrances as one of the six categories of chemicals that should be given high priority for neurotoxicity testing.
= Less than 20% of chemicals used in fragrances have been tested for human toxicity.
= Many chemicals that are known to be toxic are still used in perfume.
= Many of the chemicals in your perfume are also found in gasoline and in cigarette smoke.

And the seminar goes on to confirm:
"Thanks to the trade secret protections, the fragrance industry is one of the least regulated industries in the country.... 84% of these ingredients have not been tested for human toxicity or tested only minimally... and some that fall under "hazardous waste disposal" requirements.... Here are some of the most common chemicals used in fragrance products and the adverse reactions associated with them:

= Acetone, found in cologne, dishwashing liquid, and detergent, acts primarily on the central nervous system. Inhalation can cause dryness of the mouth and throat, dizziness, nausea, and slurred speech.

= Benzaldehyde, found in perfume, cologne, hairspray, lotion, and shampoo, acts as a central nervous system depressant, and causes irritation to the mouth, throat, and eyes. It may cause kidney damage.

= Methylene chloride, found in shampoo, cologne, and paint and varnish remover, decreases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, resulting in headache, giddiness, stupor, fatigue, and irritability. It is also regarded as a carcinogen."

See http://users.lmi.net/~wilworks/ehn20.htm for other dangerous chemicals used in fragrances

Students in schools should not be wearing, let alone carrying, perfume in a public place where these toxic ingredients may sicken them and others.  This bus incident only provides further proof of the facts presented by the Massachusetts Nurses Association.  Fragrances can be toxic and dangerous.  Perfume should be banned from schools, as well as the work place.

To verify this information, access the free MNA course.  Go to http://www.courseserver.com/mna/ and click on
"Register". The subscription code for members is mna001, non-Members is mna002, and students is mna003. Fill out all of the fields in the form and press submit. This information is also listed on the Massachusetts Nurses Association (MNA) website at www.massnurses.org/ce/onlineCE.htm. For more information, contact the Division of Health and Safety at 781-830-5723.

Perfume sickens students, bus driver

Perfume sickens students, bus driver

http://www.unionleader.com/article.aspx?headline=Perfume+on+bus+makes+students+ill&articleId=0831a23f-527d-4f8d-bdb4-b5c4da40d66c

By DAN TUOHY
Union Leader Staff

Eleven students from McLaughlin Middle School were transported to the Elliot Hospital today after perfume spilled in a school bus on Cilley Road, shortly before 3 p.m. The bus driver was also taken to the hospital.

McLaughlin principal Barry Albert said the students were taken to the hospital as a precautionary measure. "We can't take any chances," he said, because of potential health issues.

Albert said parents of the students transported were being notified, as were parents of the remaining students, who were late getting home. The remaining students were put aboard another bus and taken home.

District Fire Chief Michael Gamache said a couple of the youngsters vomited and others reported shortness of breath. "It was very concentrated . . . pungent," said Gamache.

The incident apparently began when a student realized a perfume bottle in her knapsack was leaking and when she took it out, the cap came off and perfume spilled.

Albert, who did not identify the student, said she was "in trouble," because school rules prohibit glass containers.

NEWS: 11 checked out at hospital after perfume sickens students

11 checked out at hospital after perfume sickens students

New Hampshire Union Leader

Malodorous mayhem ensued on a school bus ride home last night when a perfume bottle spilled and sickened about a dozen students and the driver.

Some students vomited and others had shortness of breath after being overcome with the fragrance, District Fire Chief Michael Gamache said.

Eleven students from the McLaughlin Middle School and the driver were taken by ambulance to Elliot Hospital for medical evaluation.

Full Text at: http://www.unionleader.com/article.aspx?headline=11+checked+out+at+hospital+after+perfume+sickens+students&articleId=20b56f60-0a8d-4daf-a049-0caf295b1bb5

Wednesday, August 27, 2008

NEWSLETTER: MCS America News - September 2008

MCSA NEWS
September 2008, Volume 3, Issue 9

Exclusive Housing Edition!

Entire PDF Edition: http://mcs-america.org/september2008.pdf (View, Download, and Print)
NEW! Entire Online Edition:
http://mcs-america.org/mcsanewsseptember2008.htm (View as a Webpage)

Direct Links to Articles Inside This Issue:


Chemical Free Housing, A "Lifeline" to Many
PDF Version: http://mcs-america.org/September2008pg1234.pdf
Online Version: http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsSeptember2008.htm#_Chemical_Free_Housing

Healthy Housing Resources for Multiple Chemical Sensitivity
PDF Version: http://mcs-america.org/September2008pg567.pdf
Online Version: http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsSeptember2008.htm#_Healthy_Housing_Resources


A Proposal to the City of Toronto
Multiple Chemical Sensitivities, Environmental Sensitivities, Electrical Hyper-Sensitivities, and Housing
PDF Version: http://mcs-america.org/September2008pg891011121314151617.pdf
Online Version: http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsSeptember2008.htm#_A_Proposal_to


MCS Homebuyer's Questionnaire
PDF Version: http://mcs-america.org/September2008pg18192021222324.pdf
Online Version: http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsSeptember2008.htm#_MCS_Homebuyer

MCS Housing Resources
PDF Version: http://mcs-america.org/September2008pg2526.pdf
Online Version: http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsSeptember2008.htm#_MCS_Housing_Resources

MCS, Health, and Air Quality
PDF Version: http://mcs-america.org/September2008pg2728.pdf
Online Version: http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsSeptember2008.htm#_MCS,_Health,_and

Is Your Home Cleanser Toxic?
PDF Version: http://mcs-america.org/September2008pg29.pdf
Online Version: http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsSeptember2008.htm#_Is_Your_Home

The Effects of Heating and Cooking in the Home
PDF Version: http://mcs-america.org/September2008pg3031.pdf
Online Version: http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsSeptember2008.htm#_Scientific_Study_The

Scientists Say Household Mold Harms Respiratory Health
PDF Version: http://mcs-america.org/September2008pg32.pdf
Online Version: http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsSeptember2008.htm#_Scientists_Say_Household

Funding Approval for Safe Housing Ottawa Inc
PDF Version: http://mcs-america.org/September2008pg3334.pdf
Online Version: http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsSeptember2008.htm#_Funding_Approved_for

Patient Support and Resources
PDF Version: http://mcs-america.org/September2008pg3536373839.pdf
Online Version: http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsSeptember2008.htm#_Patient_Support_and_

MCS Community News
PDF Version: http://mcs-america.org/September2008pg40.pdf
Online Version: http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsSeptember2008.htm#_MCS_Community_News_

Featured Research Studies
PDF Version: http://mcs-america.org/September2008pg414243.pdf
Online Version: http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsSeptember2008.htm#_Featured_MCS_Research



Multiple Chemical Sensitivities America
http://www.mcs-america.org

admin@mcs-america.org

Copyrighted © 2008 MCS America


Tuesday, September 11, 2007

Environmental Factors Implicated in the Causation of Adverse Pregnancy Outcome

1: Semin Perinatol. 2007 Aug;31(4):240-242.Click here to read

Environmental Factors Implicated in the Causation of Adverse Pregnancy Outcome.

Yale Women & Children's Center for Blood Disorders, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.

Adverse pregnancy outcome from environmental factors may include congenital anomalies, increased risk for miscarriage, preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, and still birth. Apart from adverse pregnancy outcome, there may be effects on the other reproductive functions, like menstrual disorders and infertility. Environmental factors which have been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcome include smoking, video display terminals, anesthetic gases, antineoplastic drugs, and exposure to lead, selenium, and inorganic mercury. Among these, cigarette smoking during pregnancy has been the leading environmental factor for adverse pregnancy outcome. Cigarette smoking during pregnancy continues to be a significant public health concern. Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been associated with low birth weight (<2500 g). Mothers who smoke during pregnancy are twice as likely to give birth to low-birth weight infants. Similarly, air pollution, pesticide exposure, and stress have also been associated with low birth weight and preterm delivery. This review gives an overview of the importance of environmental factors in adverse pregnancy outcome.

PMID: 17825680 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=17825680&itool=iconabstr&itool=pubmed_DocSum

Sunday, September 9, 2007

Is chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS/ME) heritable in children, and if so why does it matter?

Is chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS/ME) heritable in children, and if so why does it matter?

Journal: Arch Dis Child. 2007 Sep 5; [Epub ahead of print]

Authors: Crawley EM, Davey Smith G.

Affiliation: University of Bristol, United Kingdom.

This article looks at the evidence for the heritability of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome or ME (CFS/ME). The role of genes and the environment and their potential interaction is discussed and the problems with studies in this area are explored.

One of the main difficulties with studying CFS/ME is the fact that it is likely to be a heterogeneous condition. We need a clear definition of CFS/ME in children and sample sizes for genetic studies need to be much larger if we are to make an impact in this important area.

In the meantime however, paediatricians shouldn't be surprised when they see a family where CFS/ME occurs in more than one person.

NLM Citation: PMID: 17804594      

        

Neurospect in neurotoxic chemical exposure demonstration of long-term functional abnormalities


Toxicol Ind Health. 1998 Nov-Dec;14(6):813-27. Related Articles, Links

Neurospect in neurotoxic chemical exposure demonstration of long-term functional abnormalities.

Heuser G, Mena I.

Department of Radiology, UCLA-Harbor Medical Center, Torrance, USA. gheuser@ucla.edu

Patients who had experienced well-documented neurotoxic exposure months or years earlier were evaluated. Seventy-two right-handed adults who claimed continuing abnormalities of cognitive and memory function were examined after Xenon-133 inhalation and i.v. HMPAO. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) results were statistically compared with age-matched controls. Bilateral, often asymmetrical, impairment of perfusion was found, mostly in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. This hypoperfusion was predominantly left-sided in young patients and predominantly right-sided in the elderly. Abnormalities were found months and years after neurotoxic exposure had ceased. Our findings suggest that NeuroSPECT can provide evidence of impaired cerebral function and may therefore help to further define neurotoxic exposure and its chronic effects.

PMID: 9891913 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

The allegory of a mountain: An environmental introduction to neurotoxicology.

The allegory of a mountain: An environmental introduction to neurotoxicology.
Prockop LD.
Department of Neurology, USF Health, University of South Florida,
Tampa, FL, USA.
J Neurol Sci. 2007 Aug 29
Overall, the area of human neurotoxicity offers significant difficulties as well as challenges in our attempts to maintain or enhance human well being. Many of the substances to which humans are being exposed are relatively new to the environment, i.e., the products of a sophisticated industrial development. As a result humans are exposed to volatile organic compounds not previously present in our environment in significant amounts. It is important to maintain our industrial complex and the economic growth of our society. The use of volatile organic compounds is often important to the success of the industry. However, it is also important for us to determine what concentration of a given substance may produce short-term effects or chronic long-term effects. Human exposure to these potentially toxic levels could then be prevented. This is especially true because once irreversible damage occurs there is no medical treatment that can lead to improvement. Therefore, prevention of neurotoxic injury is essential.

This study from 1969 explains provocation tests with different

Bronchial Asthma and Asthmatic Bronchitis Determined by Simple Chemicals

V. Popa M.D.1; D. Teculescu M.D.2; D. Stanescu M.D.2; and N. Gavrilescu M.D.3
1 Investigator, Allergy Unit, Department of Occupational Diseases, Colentina Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
2 Investigator, Cardiopulmonary Laboratory, Department of Occupational Diseases, Colentina Hospital, Bucharest Romania 3 Associate Professor of Occupational Medicine, Colentina Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

Chest. 1969;56:395-404.)
© 1969 American College of Chest Physicians

Thirty-three subjects with bronchial asthma and 15 subjects with asthmatic bronchitis caused by occupational exposure to simple chemicals were submitted to an allergologic investigation. Essentially this consisted of skin tests, inhalation tests, determination of some types of circulating antibodies, carried out with nonirritant concentrations of simple chemicals and with usual allergens. Results indicated that bronchial asthma and asthmatic
bronchitis, due to micromolecular substances, may be either irritative (28 cases) or allergic (15 cases). In five subjects the mechanism could not be established. A certain substance may give rise, in different subjects, to both types of bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis mentioned above. Besides the well-known picture of bronchial asthma with reagins, the authors describe another pattern of skin and bronchial response; this pattern has many features in common with the delayed hypersensitivity.
Abstract:
 

Saturday, September 8, 2007

Anti-polymer antibody in Italian fibromyalgic patients

Arthritis Res Ther. 2007 Sep 6;9(5):R86 [Epub ahead of print]Click here to read

Anti-polymer antibody in Italian fibromyalgic patients.

ABSTRACT: The objectives of our study were to evaluate the presence of antipolymer antibody (APA) seropositivity in 285 Italian patients affected by primary fibromyalgia (FM) and to verify if APA levels correlate with the disease severity and cytokine levels. APA levels were determined on serum samples by an indirect ELISA kit that detect IgG APA. Cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha) were measured by ELISA in plasma. The impact of fibromyalgia on the quality of life was estimated using the "Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire" (FIQ), while pain severity was evaluated using a Visual Analogic Scale (VAS). Patients were also characterized by the presence of tiredness, stiffness, non restorative sleep, anxiety, depression, tension headache, irritable bowel syndrome, temporomandibular dysfunction, Raynaud phenomena. Using a cut-off value of 30 U, APA positive values were detected in 60 FM patients (21.05%) and in 15 healthy controls (15.00%) without significant differences among their levels or percentage of seropositivity. FM patients with moderate and severe symptoms had slightly higher APA levels with respect to patients with mild symptoms. APA seropositive patients exhibited significant correlations between APA levels and FIQ (P=0.042), tiredness (P=0.003) and IL-1 levels (P=0.0072). In conclusion, APA cannot be considered a marker of disease in Italian FM patients. However, its presence might permit the identification of a subset of FM patients with more severe symptoms and who may respond differently to different therapeutic strategies.

PMID: 17822528 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=17822528&itool=iconabstr&itool=pubmed_DocSum

Somaesthetic disturbances in fibromyalgia are exaggerated by sensory motor conflict: implications for chronicity of the disease?

Somaesthetic disturbances in fibromyalgia are exaggerated by sensory
motor conflict: implications for chronicity of the disease?

Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007 Sep 1; [Epub ahead of print]

McCabe CS, Cohen H, Blake DR.

The Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases in conjunction
with The School for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA1 1RL, UK.

Objectives. Conflict between sensory-motor central nervous processing
generates somaesthetic disturbances, including pain, in healthy
volunteers (HVs). Such conflict has been proposed as a potential
cause of pain that occurs in the absence of injury or when the pain
response is disproportionate to the injury. Fibromyalgia (FMS)
exemplifies the former state. We hypothesized that the artificial
generation of such conflict would exacerbate somaesthetic perceptions
including pain in FMS greater than in HVs.

Methods. Twenty-nine adults with FMS took part in an established task
that generates varied degrees of sensory-motor conflict during
congruent/incongruent limb movements. A qualitative methodology
recorded any changes in sensory experience. Data generated were
compared with age and gender-matched HV data.

Results. Twenty-six subjects (89.7%) with FMS reported changes in
sensory perception at some stage in the protocol in addition to, or
worse than, baseline compared with 14 (48%) of HVs. All stages of the
protocol generated a higher frequency of report in the FMS population
than that of the maximum report in the HVs population. New
perceptions included disorientation, pain, perceived changes in
temperature, limb weight or body image.

Conclusions. Our findings support the hypothesis that motor-sensory
conflict can exacerbate pain and sensory perceptions in those with
FMS to a greater extent than in HVs.
PMID: 17767000

Combined dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing factor test in chronic fatigue syndrome

Combined dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing factor test in chronic fatigue syndrome.

Journal: Psychol Med. 2007 Sep 6;:1-11 [Epub ahead of print]

Authors: Van Den Eede F, Moorkens G, Hulstijn W, Van Houdenhove B, Cosyns P, Sabbe BG, Claes SJ.

Affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics VIB8, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.

BACKGROUND: Studies of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) point to hypofunction, although there are negative reports. Suggested mechanisms include a reduced hypothalamic or supra-hypothalamic stimulus to the HPA axis and enhanced sensitivity to the negative feedback of glucocorticoids. The aim of the current study was to investigate HPA axis function in CFS with the dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing factor (Dex/CRF) test, in analogy with research in affective disorders.

Method: Thirty-four well-characterized female CFS patients and 25 healthy control subjects participated in the low-dose Dex/CRF test. Current major depressive episode was an exclusion criterion. History of early-life stress (ELS) was assessed with the Structured Trauma Interview.

RESULTS: Salivary cortisol responses after 0.5 mg Dex were lower in CFS patients than in controls (before 100 mug CRF, p=0.038; after 100 mug CRF, p=0.015). A secondary analysis revealed an influence of early-life stress and of oestrogen intake. After removal of the 10 participants who were taking an oral oestrogen, patients without a history of ELS showed lower cortisol responses than patients with ELS and controls (before CRF, p=0.005; after CRF, p=0.008).

CONCLUSIONS: CFS is globally associated with reduced cortisol responses in the combined low-dose Dex/CRF test, but this effect is only clearly present in CFS patients without a history of ELS. This study provides further support for an enhanced glucocorticoid negative feedback and/or a reduced central HPA axis drive in CFS. Furthermore, it demonstrates that ELS is an important variable to consider in CFS research.

NLM Citation: PMID: 17803834

Friday, September 7, 2007

Environmental exposures and gene regulation in disease etiology

Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Sep;115(9):1264-70.

Environmental exposures and gene regulation in disease etiology.

Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

OBJECTIVE: Health or disease is shaped for all individuals by interactions between their genes and environment. Exactly how the environment changes gene expression and how this can lead to disease are being explored in a fruitful new approach to environmental health research, representative studies of which are reviewed here. DATA SOURCES: We searched Web of Science and references of relevant publications to understand the diversity of gene regulatory mechanisms affected by environmental exposures with disease implications. DATA SYNTHESIS: Pharmaceuticals, pesticides, air pollutants, industrial chemicals, heavy metals, hormones, nutrition, and behavior can change gene expression through a broad array of gene regulatory mechanisms. Mechanisms include regulation of gene translocation, histone modifications, DNA methylation, DNA repair, transcription, RNA stability, alternative RNA splicing, protein degradation, gene copy number, and transposon activation. Furthermore, chemically induced changes in gene regulation are associated with serious and complex human diseases, including cancer, diabetes and obesity, infertility, respiratory diseases, allergies, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases. One of the best-studied areas of gene regulation is epigenetics, especially DNA methylation. Our examples of environmentally induced changes in DNA methylation are presented in the context of early development, when methylation patterns are initially laid down. This approach highlights the potential role for altered DNA methylation in fetal origins of adult disease and inheritance of acquired genetic change. CONCLUSIONS: The reviewed studies indicate that genetic predisposition for disease is best predicted in the context of environmental exposures. Second, the genetic mechanisms investigated in these studies offer new avenues for risk assessment research. Finally, we are likely to witness dramatic improvements in human health, and reductions in medical costs, if environmental pollution is decreased.

PMID: 17805414 [PubMed - in process]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=17805414&itool=iconabstr&itool=pubmed_DocSum

Thursday, September 6, 2007

Reviewing the Environmental and Human Health Knowledge Base of Carbon Nanotubes

Reviewing the Environmental and Human Health Knowledge Base of Carbon Nanotubes

Aasgeir Helland,1,2 Peter Wick,3 Andreas Koehler,1 Kaspar Schmid,4 and Claudia Som1

1Technology and Society Lab, EMPA (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research), St. Gallen, Switzerland; 2Institute for Human-Environment Systems, ETH (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 3Laboratory for Biocompatible Materials, EMPA, St. Gallen, Switzerland; 4Institute for Occupational Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland

Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered one of the most promising materials in nanotechnology, with attractive properties for many technologic applications. The different synthesis, purification, and postprocessing methods produce CNTs with different physical characteristics, which can be applied in different fields ranging from composite materials, medical applications, and electronics to energy storage. The widespread projected use of CNTs makes it important to understand their potential harmful effects. In this environmental health review we observed a remarkable range of results of some of the toxicology studies. The comparability should be improved by further standardization and introduction of reference materials. However, at present the findings of this review suggest several key points: a) there are different types of CNTs, and therefore they cannot be considered a uniform group of substances ; and b) in environmental compartments, CNTs can be bioavailable to organisms. The properties of CNTs suggest a possible accumulation along the food chain and high persistence. In organisms the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity of CNTs depend on the inherent physical and chemical characteristics such as CNT functionalization, coating, length, and agglomeration state that are influenced by the external environmental conditions during CNT production, use, and disposal stages. Characterized exposure scenarios could therefore be useful when conducting toxicologic studies. However, CNTs produce a toxic response upon reaching the lungs in sufficient quantity ; this reaction is produced in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The identification of possible risks to human health and environment is a prerequisite for a successful introduction of CNTs in future applications. Key words: , , , , , , , , , , .

Environ Health Perspect 115:1125–1131 (2007) . doi:10.1289/ehp.9652 available via http://dx.doi.org/ [Online 10 May 2007]

 

Occupational toxicant inhalation injury: the World Trade Center (WTC) experience

Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2007 Sep 5; [Epub ahead of print]Click here to read

Occupational toxicant inhalation injury: the World Trade Center (WTC) experience.

Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, and Medicine, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, WTC Health Effects Treatment Program, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1059, New York, NY, 10029, USA, Rafael.delaHoz@mssm.edu.

OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: Clinical descriptive data is presented on a group of 554 former workers and volunteers (with more than 90 different occupations) at the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster site. A subsample of 168 workers (30% of the group) was selected to examine lower airway disease risk in relation to smoking and WTC exposure variables. RESULTS: Five diagnostic categories clearly predominate: upper airway disease (78.5%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (57.6%), lower airway disease (48.9%), psychological (41.9%) and chronic musculoskeletal illnesses (17.8%). The most frequent pattern of presentation was a combination of the first three of those categories (29.8%). Associations were found between arrival at the WTC site within the first 48 h of the terrorist attack and lower airway and gastroesophageal reflux disease, and between past or present cigarette smoking and lower airway disease. CONCLUSION: Occupational exposures at the WTC remain consistently associated with a disease profile, which includes five major diagnostic categories. These conditions often coexist in different combinations, which (as expected) mutually enhances their clinical expression, complicates medical management, and slows recovery. Cigarette smoking and early arrival at the WTC site appear to be risk factors for lower airway disease diagnosis.

PMID: 17786467 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=17786467&itool=iconabstr&itool=pubmed_DocSum

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