The mission of MCS America (MCSA) is to propagate medical, legal, and social recognition for multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) as a disorder of organic biological origin induced by toxic environmental insults; to provide support and referral services to the individuals with all illnesses of environmental origin; and to ensure that environmental toxicants are identified, reduced, regulated, and enforced through lobbying for effective legislation. © MCS America
Saturday, July 26, 2008
Friday, July 25, 2008
NEWS, Science, & Links Summary for the W/E 7/25/2008
Possible Geographical Ties To ALS Cases Among 1991 Gulf War Vets
http://www.accessibility.com.au/news/possible-geographical-ties-to-als-cases-among-1991-gulf-war-vets
U.S. state wages fight against toxic chemicals
http://www.reuters.com/article/inDepthNews/idUSN1726155520080725?sp=tru
Toxic job ruined my life
http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/news/queensland/toxic-job-ruined-my-life/2008/07/25/1216492705325.html
Triclosan: Lurking where you least expect it
http://www.enviroblog.org/2008/07/triclosan-lurking-where-you-le.htm
Radio station dropping Michael Savage after controversial remarks about
autism
http://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/plaindealer/index.ssf?/base/entertainment-0/1216974668106870.xml&coll=2
In Surprise Move, EPA Bans Carbofuran Residue on Food
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/24/AR2008072403495.html
Cellphone signal concerns raised again
http://www.businessday.co.za:80/articles/topstories.aspx?ID=BD4A808079
July 24, 2008
FEATURE-US state wages fight against toxic chemicals
http://www.forbes.com/reuters/feeds/reuters/2008/07/24/2008-07-25T000308Z_01_N17261555_RTRIDST_0_ENVIRONMENT-CHEMICALS-MAINE-GENERAL-FEATURE-PIX.html
Eating right for fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue
http://www.nwcn.com/health/stories/NW_072408HEN_fibromyalgia_LJ.885c3a1f.html
US cancer boss in mobiles warning
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/7523109.stm
Cemetery workers walk out
http://www.thestar.com/printArticle/466626
'Fresh Scent' Detergents and Air Fresheners Could be Toxic, Study Says
http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,390053,00.html
Study reveals toxicity of air fresheners
http://www.tcetoday.com/tcetoday/NewsDetail.aspx?nid=10686
Mother: vaccine caused death
http://www.watertowndailytimes.com/article/20080724/NEWS03/23945130/Mother++vaccine+caused+death
Area mold miseries continue
http://www.fdlreporter.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080724/FON0101/807240344/1985/FONnews
The Most Toxic Cars and Car Seats
How to Find Safe Alternatives to Keep Your Kid Safe in the Car
http://www.thedailygreen.com/living-green/blogs/organic-parenting/baby-car-seats-55072301
What's Lurking in Your Countertop?
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/24/garden/24granite.html?_r=1&oref=slogin&pagewanted=all
July 23, 2008
FEMA seeks immunity from suits over toxic trailer fumes
http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/front/5903602.html
Pittsburgh cancer center warns of cell phone risks
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/23/AR2008072302881_pf.html
The Toxic Mold Rush: California Mom Helps Fuel an Obsession
http://www.laweekly.com/news/news/the-toxic-mold-rush-california-mom-helps-fuel-an-obsession/19301/
Washington Post Examines Efforts By Physicians, Hospitals To Be More
Environmentally Friendly
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/18/AR2008071802755.html?nav=rss_health
U.S. Rushes to Change Workplace Toxin Rules
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/22/AR2008072202838.html
Breathing Freely: Six months after neighbours stopped burning plastics in a
roadside barrel, Julie Inwood is beginning to get her health and her life
back
http://www.mindentimes.ca/ArticleDisplay.aspx?e=1125421
Alternatives to scented detergents
http://blog.seattlepi.nwsource.com/environment/archives/144171.asp?from=blog_last3
Fresh scent may hide toxic secret
http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/371779_toxicfragrance23.html
Some scented household products contain chemicals classified as toxic, UW
study finds
http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2008067309_toxicsmell23m0.html
10 Tips: Cell Phones & Limiting Radiation Exposure
http://kdka.com/health/cell.phones.tips.2.777727.html
Chip-seal debate: Finding a healthier alternative
http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/opinion/2008066586_weblets23.html
U.S. Rushes to Change Workplace Toxin Rules
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/22/AR2008072202838_pf.html
TIMES: Toxic chemicals found in scented products
http://www.king5.com/health/stories/NW_072308HEB_TIMES_uw_toxic_air_study_LJ.82dbc4b9.html
Toxic chemicals found in common scented laundry products, air fresheners
http://www.physorg.com/news136035644.html
July 22, 2008
Sunscreen Safety Is Called Into Question
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/22/health/22well.html?_r=1&oref=slogin&ref=science&pagewanted=
Medicine Gears Up for a Code Green
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/18/AR2008071802755_pf.html
Deadly denial: For sick nuclear workers, shifting rules form quagmire of
despair
http://www.rockymountainnews.com/news/2008/jul/22/sick-nuclear-workers-shifting-rules-form-quagmire-/
Feds apparently disregarded toxic links to illnesses
http://www.rockymountainnews.com/news/2008/jul/22/feds-apparently-disregarded-toxic-links-illnesses/
July 21, 2008
Olympics: Beijing's clean air claim challenged by scientists
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/2437833/Olympics-Beijings-clean-air-claim-challenged-by-scientists.html
Medics in Panama see side effects of pesticide use
http://www.af.mil/news/story_print.asp?id=123107402
Researchers probe geographical ties to ALS cases among 1991 Gulf War
veterans
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-07/du-rpg072108.php
Family Faces Huge Costs to Fix Mold Contaminated Home
http://www.wciv.com/news/stories/0708/537432.html
Thousands injured by 'toxic gas from Chinese sofas'
http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/consumer_goods/article4374669.ece
Is The Air Inside Your Home Worse Than The Air Outside?
http://www.citynews.ca/news/news_24940.aspx
Olympic Athletes Wearing Masks Could Cause China to Lose Face
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB121659379072468809.html
July 20, 2008
Class action over lead in lipstick
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=40114
July 19, 2008
School construction crews don't take vacation
http://www.nevadaappeal.com/article/20080719/NEWS/20815050/1070&ParentProfile=1058
Cosmic Markdown: EPA Says Life Is Worth Less
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/18/AR2008071803235_pf.html
July 18, 2008
Pesticides: Use wisely or not at all
http://www.mercurynews.com/lifeandstyleheadlines/ci_9923943?nclick_check=1
Protecting Government Science: Scientific Freedom and the Public Good
http://www.ucsusa.org/scientific_integrity/restoring/scientificfreedom.html
Home Radon May Have Tie To Childhood Leukemia
http://www.cancerpage.com/news/article.asp?id=12452
July 17, 2008
NTP brief on BPA receives mixed peer review
http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/sample.cgi/esthag/asap/html/es801811y.html
Contact 13 Investigation: Mold Inside The Health District
http://www.ktnv.com/Global/story.asp?S=8695699
Autism-vaccine link should not be dismissed
http://www.stltoday.com/stltoday/news/stories.nsf/news/editorialcommentary/story/82d67791e09c6d838625748a007c4969?OpenDocument
Companion planting: A chemical-free way to repel pests with plants
http://weblogs.newsday.com/features/home/gardendetective_blog/2008/07/companion_planting_a_chemicalf.html
July 14, 2008
Environment Becomes Heredity
http://www.miller-mccune.com/article/489
July 11, 2008
Is China's Pollution Poisoning Its Children?
http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=chinas-children-of-smoke&print=true
July 7, 2008
Can Green Designs Solve A Housing Crisis?
http://www.worldwatch.org/node/5816
July/August
Pesticide Drift: Immigrants in California's Central Valley are sick of
breathing poisoned air
http://www.orionmagazine.org/index.php/articles/article/3045
Links
The Greenwash Guide
http://www.futerra.co.uk/downloads/Greenwash_Guide.pdf
Scientific Studies
A 10-year time-series analysis of respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity
in Nicosia, Cyprus: the effect of short-term changes in air pollution and
dust storms.
http://www.ehjournal.net/content/7/1/39
Speed of Mental Operations in Fibromyalgia: A Selective Naming Speed
Deficit.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18636019?dopt=AbstractPlus
[Observation on therapeutic effect of multiple cupping at back-shu points on
chronic fatigue syndrome]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18630535?dopt=AbstractPlus
[Interest of toxicological analysis for poisonings]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18630820?dopt=AbstractPlus
Indoor Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Homes with or without
Wood Burning for Heating
http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/esthag/2008/42/i14/abs/es800304y.html
Chronic fatigue syndrome: implications for women and their health care
providers during the childbearing years.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/15269523
Patient perspectives on the impact of fibromyalgia.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18640807?dopt=AbstractPlus
Chronic fatigue: an evolutionary concept analysis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18638162?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
Global health impacts and costs due to mercury emissions.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18643818?dopt=AbstractPlus
Depletion of liver glutathione levels in rats: a potential confound of
nose-only inhalation.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18645729?dopt=AbstractPlus
Conceptualizing and measuring illness self-concept: A comparison with
self-esteem and optimism in predicting fibromyalgia adjustment.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18646034?dopt=AbstractPlus
Lourdes Salvador
www.mcs-america.org
Disclaimer:
Articles and links are not necessarily the opinion of MCS America, Lourdes
Salvador, and/or the volunteers who assemble this information. We will be
not responsible for misuse of this information. Posting does not constitute
endorsement. We have no financial interest in anything posted . This post is
provided free of charge via volunteer effort.
Thursday, July 24, 2008
Depletion of liver glutathione levels in rats: a potential confound of nose-only inhalation.
Depletion of liver glutathione levels in rats: a potential confound of nose-only inhalation.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18645729?dopt=AbstractPlus
Loma Linda VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA. Larry.fechter@va.gov
Nose-only inhalation exposure chambers offer key advantages to whole-body systems, particularly when aerosol or mixed aerosol-vapor exposures are used. Specifically, nose-only chambers provide enhanced control over the route of exposure and dose by minimizing the deposition of particles either on the subjects skin/fur or on surfaces of a whole-body exposure system. In the current series of experiments, liver, brain, and lung total glutathione (GSH) levels were assessed following either nose-only or whole-body exposures to either jet fuel or to clean, filtered air. The data were compared to untreated control subjects. Acute nose-only inhalation exposures of rats resulted in a significant depletion of liver GSH levels both in subjects that were exposed to clean, filtered air as well as those exposed to JP-8 jet fuel and to a synthetic jet fuel. Glutathione levels were not altered in lung or brain tissue. Whole-body inhalation exposure had no effect on GSH levels in any tissue for any of the treatment groups. A second experiment demonstrated that the loss of GSH did not occur if rats were anaesthetized prior to and during nose-only exposure to clean, filtered air or to mixed hydrocarbons. These data appear to be consistent with studies demonstrating depletion in liver GSH levels among rats subjected to restraint stress. Finally, the depletion of GSH that was observed in liver following a single acute exposure was reduced following five daily exposures to clean, filtered air, suggesting the possibility of habituation to restraint in the nose-only exposure chamber. The finding that placement in a nose-only exposure chamber per se yields liver GSH depletion raises the possibility of an interaction between this mode of toxicant exposure and the toxicological effects of certain inhaled test substances.
PMID: 18645729 [PubMed - in process]
Global health impacts and costs due to mercury emissions.
Global health impacts and costs due to mercury emissions.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18643818?dopt=AbstractPlus
Ecoles des Mines de Paris, Paris, France.
Since much of the emission is in the form of metallic Hg whose atmospheric residence time is long enough to cause nearly uniform mixing in the hemisphere, much of the impact is global. This article presents a first estimate of global average neurotoxic impacts and costs by defining a comprehensive transfer factor for ingestion of methyl-Hg as ratio of global average dose rate and global emission rate. For the dose-response function (DRF) we use recent estimates of IQ decrement as function of Hg concentration in blood, as well as correlations between blood concentration and Hg ingestion. The cost of an IQ point is taken as $18,000 in the United States and applied in other countries in proportion to per capita GDP, adjusted for purchase power parity. The mean estimate of the global average of the marginal damage cost per emitted kg of Hg is about $1,500/kg, if one assumes a dose threshold of 6.7 mug/day of methyl-Hg per person, and $3,400/kg without threshold. The average global lifetime impact and cost per person at current emission levels are 0.02 IQ points lost and $78 with and 0.087 IQ points and $344 without threshold. These results are global averages; for any particular source and emission site the impacts can be quite different. An assessment of the overall uncertainties indicates that the damage cost could be a factor 4 smaller or larger than the median estimate (the uncertainty distribution is approximately log normal and the ratio median/mean is approximately 0.4).
PMID: 18643818 [PubMed - in process]
Wednesday, July 23, 2008
A 10-year time-series analysis of respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity in Nicosia, Cyprus: the effect of short-term changes in air pollution and dust storms.
A 10-year time-series analysis of respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity in Nicosia, Cyprus: the effect of short-term changes in air pollution and dust storms.
Nicos Middleton , Panayiotis Yiallouros
, Savvas Kleanthous
, Ourania Kolokotroni
, Joel Schwartz
, Douglas W Dockery
, Phil Demokritou
and Petros Koutrakis
Environmental Health 2008, 7:39doi:10.1186/1476-069X-7-39
| Published: | 22 July 2008 |
Abstract (provisional)
Background
To date, a substantial body of research has shown adverse health effects of short-term changes in levels of air pollution. Such associations have not been investigated in smaller size cities in the Eastern Mediterranean. A particular feature in the region is dust blown from the Sahara a few times a year resulting in extreme PM10 concentrations. It is not entirely clear whether such natural phenomena pose the same risks.
Methods
The effect of changes in daily levels of particulate matter (PM10) and ozone (O3) on hospitalization for all, cardiovascular and respiratory causes in the two hospitals in Nicosia during 1 January 1995 and 30 December 2004 was investigated using generalized additive Poisson models after controlling for long- and short-term patterns as well as for the effect of weather. Meteorological records were reviewed to identify dust-storm days and analyses were repeated to quantify their effect on cardio-respiratory morbidity.
Results
For every 10 mug/m3 increase in daily average PM10 concentrations, there was a 0.9% 95%CI (0.6%, 1.2%) increase in all-cause and 1.2% (-0.0%, 2.4%) increase in cardiovascular admissions. With respect to respiratory causes, an effect was observed only in the warm months. No lagged effects with levels of PM10 were observed. In contrast, positive associations with levels of ozone were only observed the two days prior to admission. These appeared stronger for cardiovascular causes and independent of the effect of PM. All-cause and cardiovascular admissions were 4.8% (0.7%, 9.0%) and 10.4% (-4.7%, 27.9%) higher on dust storm days respectively. In both cases the magnitude of effect was comparable to that seen on the quartile of non-storm days with the highest levels of PM10.
Conclusions
We observed an increased risk of hospitalization at elevated levels of particulate matter and ozone generally consistent with the magnitude seen across several European cities. We also observed an increased risk of hospitalization on dust storm days, particularly for cardiovascular causes. While inference from these associations is limited due to the small number of dust storm days in the study period, it would appear imperative to issue health warnings for these natural events, particularly directed towards vulnerable population groups.
Toxic chemicals found in common scented laundry products, air fresheners
Toxic chemicals found in common scented laundry products, air fresheners
Fresh scent may hide toxic secret
Fresh scent may hide toxic secret
Innocuous-sounding 'perfume' in detergents, air fresheners made with dangerous chemicals
By LISA STIFFLER
P-I REPORTER
The scented fabric sheet makes your shirts and socks smell flowery fresh and clean. That plug-in air freshener fills your home with inviting fragrances of apple and cinnamon or a country garden.
But those common household items are potentially exposing your family and friends to dangerous chemicals, a University of Washington study has found.
<snip>
Toxic chemicals found in common scented laundry products, air fresheners
Toxic chemicals found in common scented laundry products, air fresheners
Tuesday, July 22, 2008
Chronic fatigue syndrome: implications for women and their health care providers during the childbearing years.
Chronic fatigue syndrome: implications for women and their health care providers during the childbearing years.
University of Utah College of Nursing, 10 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5880, USA. Peggy.Allen@hsc.utah.edu
Chronic fatigue syndrome is a complex debilitating medical disorder that affects approximately 4 million persons in the United States, predominantly women. There has been little scientific exploration about the experience of pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period for women with this disorder. A review of the literature and current research findings addressing the epidemiology, diagnosis, symptoms, and treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome are presented, as well as the currently available data regarding the experience of women with chronic fatigue syndrome anticipating or experiencing pregnancy and the postpartum period. Expert opinion is presented along with current evidence to provide guidelines for the care of women with chronic fatigue syndrome during pregnancy, labor and birth, lactation, and the postpartum period.
PMID: 18586181 [PubMed - in process]
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/15269523Feds apparently disregarded toxic links to illnesses
Feds apparently disregarded toxic links to illnesses
Breast Cancer: Strong evidence of a link to radiation, PCBs, solvents;
Diabetes: Strong evidence of link to arsenic; good evidence of a link to dioxins;
Gallbladder cancer: Good evidence of link to thorium dioxide; limited evidence of a link to benzene, PCBs;
Pancreatic cancer: Good evidence of a link to radiation, solvents, PCBs;
Prostate cancer: Good evidence of a link to solvents, aromatic amines, methyl bromide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons;
Rheumatoid arthritis: Strong evidence of silica; Limited evidence of solvents;
Salivary gland cancer: Strong evidence of a link to radiation.
Saturday, July 19, 2008
Indoor Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Homes with or without Wood Burning for Heating
http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/esthag/2008/42/i14/abs/es800304y.html
Environ. Sci. Technol., 42 (14), 5074–5080, 2008. 10.1021/es800304y
Pernilla Gustafson,*† Conny Östman,‡ and Gerd Sällsten†
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, and Department of Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of domestic wood burning on indoor levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Indoor and outdoor concentrations of 27 PAHs were measured during wintertime in homes with (n = 13) or without (n = 10) wood-burning appliances and at an ambient site in a Swedish residential area where wood burning for space heating is common. Twenty-four hour indoor levels of anthracene, benzo(ghi)fluoranthene, cyclopenta(cd)pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, chrysene/triphenylene, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, benzo(ghi)perylene, and coronene were significantly (about 3- to 5-fold) higher in homes with, compared with homes without, wood-burning appliances. The outdoor levels of PAHs were generally higher than the indoor levels for all PAHs except for the methylated phenanthrenes. The total PAH cancer potency (sum of BaP equivalents) was significantly higher (about 4 times) in the wood-burning homes compared with the reference homes, with BaP being the largest contributor, while phenanthrene made the largest contribution to the total PAH concentration in indoor and outdoor air. The median indoor BaP level in the wood-burning homes (0.52 ng/m3) was 5 times higher than the Swedish health-based guideline of 0.1 ng/m3, which was also exceeded outdoors on all days (median 0.37 ng/m3).
Download the full text: PDF | HTML
Received for review January 31, 2008
Revised manuscript received April 16, 2008
Accepted April 21, 2008
Web Release Date: June 7, 2008
Copyright © 2008 American Chemical Society
This post is for information purposes only. It is not intended to replace the examination, diagnosis, and treatment of a licensed physician and no such claims are inferred. Articles are not necessarily the opinion of MCS America or the poster. There is no financial interest in this post. Posting does not constitute endorsement. Neither MCS America nor the poster will be responsible for misuse of this information. This service is provided free of charge by volunteer efforts.
The mission of MCS America (MCSA) is to gain medical, legal, and social recognition for multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) as a disorder of organic biological origin induced by toxic environmental insults. Secondarily, MCSA seeks to ensure that environmental toxicants are identified, reduced, regulated, and enforced through lobbying for effective legislation.
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[Observation on therapeutic effect of multiple cupping at back-shu points on chronic fatigue syndrome]
[Observation on therapeutic effect of multiple cupping at back-shu points on chronic fatigue syndrome]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18630535?dopt=AbstractPlus
Rehabilitation Treatment Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM, Lanzhou 730050, China. chenguolian1234@163.com
OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effect of multiple cupping at back-shu points of zang-and fu-organs on chronic fatigue syndrome. METHODS: One hundred and ninety-one cases were randomly divided into 2 groups. The multiple cupping group (n = 142) were treated with multiple cupping along both sides of the spinal cord, and the acupuncture group (n = 49) were treated with acupuncture at acupoints selected according to TCM syndrome differentiation. Their therapeutic effects were assessed by clinical symptoms and Fatigue Assessment Indexes (FAI). RESULTS: The total effective rate was 97.9% in the multiple cupping group and 79.6% in the acupuncture group with a very significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01), and after treatment, there was a very significant difference between the two groups in FAI score (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Multiple cupping at back-shu points of zang-and fu-organs is an effective method for chronic fatigue syndrome.
PMID: 18630535 [PubMed - in process]
[Interest of toxicological analysis for poisonings]
[Interest of toxicological analysis for poisonings]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18630820?dopt=AbstractPlus
bruno.megarbane@lrb.aphp.fr
The clinical approach of the poisoned patients is mainly based on the analysis of the circumstances of intoxication and the search for toxidromes. Toxicological analysis aims to detect the toxicants or measure their concentrations, in order to confirm the hypothesis of poisoning, to evaluate its severity and to help the follow-up regarding the treatment efficiency. Emergent toxicological analysis appears only useful if the method is specific and the results rapidly obtained. Therefore, systematic screening using immunochesmistry-based tests is not recommended in the situation of emergency. Measurement of blood concentrations of the toxicants is only indicated if it may influence the patient management. However, in the perspective of research, the study of toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic relationships, i.e. the relationships between the toxicant effects and its blood concentrations, may be helpful to understand the inter-individual variability of the response to a toxicant.
PMID: 18630820 [PubMed - in process]
Friday, July 18, 2008
NEWS, Science, & Links Summary for the W/E 7/18/2008
Idaho 2008 Toxic Injury Proclamation
http://mcs-america.org/idaho2008ti.pdf
Indiana 2008 Toxic Injury Proclamation
http://mcs-america.org/Indiana2008TI.pdf
Michigan 2008 Toxic Injury Proclamation
http://mcs-america.org/Michigan2008TI.pdf
Massachusetts 2008 Toxic Injury Proclamation
http://mcs-america.org/Massachusetts2008TI.pdf
West Virginia 2008 Toxic Injury Proclamation
http://mcs-america.org/WestVirginia2008TI.pdf
July 18, 2008
Science on sale: I'll take three
http://www.enviroblog.org/2008/07/science-on-sale-ill-take-three.htm
Defining Complications From Organophosphate Poisoning From Pesticides
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/07/080714202512.htm
July 17, 2008
Acetaminophen Use Can Lead to Serious Liver Toxicity
http://honolulu.injuryboard.com/medical-malpractice/acetaminophen-use-can-lead-to-serious-liver-toxicity.aspx?googleid=243964
Moldy Building Making People Sick
http://www.wctv.tv/news/headlines/25598244.html
Taming, naming and reclaiming yourself from a mysterious disorder
http://www.stlamerican.com/articles/2008/07/17/your_health_matters/health_news/health0000000000000000000000001.txt
Antibacterial Agent No Better Than Soap & Water and It's Toxic
http://www.commondreams.org/news2008/0717-03.htm
Ecology Center To Release Latest Guide to Toxic Chemicals Inside Cars
http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/News/articleId=129306
Suspicion Surrounds Firing of EPA Panel Chair
http://www.washingtonindependent.com/view/suspicion-surrounds
Exposure To Traffic-related Air Pollution Linked To Onset Of Allergic
Diseases In Children
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/07/080712144742.htm
Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) - What you need to know about low energy
lighting
http://www.mastsanity.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=233&Itemid=1
Pesticides Found In Soap, Toothpaste And Toys
http://www.wpxi.com/consumer/16910474/detail.html
Cellphones and kids
http://www.thestar.com/comment/article/461786
July 16, 2008
Fire Station Shuts Down Again
http://www.kveo.com/home/ticker/25523554.html
Cell tower complaints are loud and clear
http://www.dailypress.com/news/dp-local_celltowers_0716jul16,0,6926256.story
Sisters share debilitating disease: Doctors believe genetic link involved
http://www.theleafchronicle.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080716/LIFESTYLE/807160302
Woman receives diagnosis for allergy to electricity
http://www.thewesternstar.com/index.cfm?sid=153192&sc=25
July 15, 2008
Dow to clean homes of dioxins
http://www.weyi.com/news/news_story.aspx?id=159607
California Bisphenol A ban moves forward
http://www.gentlenurturing.com/gentle_nurturing_newsroom/bisphenol_a_science_and_policy/california_bpa_ban_moves_forward/
Helpful Herbs for Detoxification
http://www.care2.com/greenliving/helpful-herbs-for-detoxification.html
Some fragrances are too strong: What's that smell?
http://chronicle.augusta.com/stories/071508/xtr_465701.shtml
RESEARCH UNCOVERS LITTLE-KNOWN IMPACTS OF SMELL AND TASTE ON HEALTH
NIDCD-Supported Science to be Presented at International Chemical Senses
Symposium in San Francisco
http://www.nih.gov/news/health/jul2008/nidcd-15.htm
Lawn chemical ban?
http://www.canada.com/calgaryherald/news/story.html?id=a9393768-f4c0-4ea8-b4a8-e38a34846793
Teen vaccine houses unhealthy side effects
http://www.onenewsnow.com/Culture/Default.aspx?id=177018
July 14, 2008
Can air quality damage athletes?
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/7501756.stm
Fibromyalgia: Little understood, often frustrating
http://www.cnn.com/2008/HEALTH/conditions/07/14/hm.fibromyalgia/
Autism study panned by critics
http://www.nature.com/news/2008/080714/full/454259a.html
July 13, 2008
Pennsylvania Governor Signs Autism Insurance Coverage Bill
http://www.emaxhealth.com/132/23189.html
Warning: Habits May Be Good for You
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/13/business/13habit.html?_r=2&oref=slogin&pagewanted=print
Vaccination casualty
http://nationmultimedia.com/2008/07/13/national/national_30077967.php
It Might Be Time to Shut Your Mouth to Mercury
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/10/AR2008071002601.html
July 12, 2008
Hazardous flame retardant found in household objects
http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=771917
Anti-Bacterial Personal Hygiene Products Triclosan And Triclocarban May Not
Be Worth Potential Risks
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/114795.php
'Boys grew breasts after crop spraying'
http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=vn20080712083756254C972685
Dial back cellphone use, city officials tell parents
http://healthzone.ca/health/article/459099
'Last ghost' of the Vietnam War
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080711.worange1107/BNStory/Front/home/?pageRequested=all
July 11, 2008
Patches arrested, police say her scent made men pass out
http://www.wafb.com/Global/story.asp?S=8660915&nav=menu57_1
Disparities in Secondhand Smoke Exposure --- United States, 1988--1994
and 1999--2004
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5727a3.htm?s_cid=mm5727a3_e
Toxic gym blamed in man's death
http://www.nydailynews.com/ny_local/brooklyn/2008/07/11/2008-07-11_toxic_gym_blamed_in_mans_death-2.html
New CDC Report Demonstrates Urgency For All States And Cities To Become
Smokefree
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/114743.php
Environment Canada places partial ban on flame retardant
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080711.wretardant12/BNStory/National/home
Monsanto patent fight ensnares Missouri farm town
http://www.kansascity.com/382/v-print/story/699820.html
July 10, 2008
EPA releases fumigation safety measures
http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2008/07/10/EPA_releases_fumigation_safety_measures/UPI-49291215743113/
Gardasil -- doctor's story is 'no side-effects'
http://www.renewamerica.us/columns/janak/080710
Natural Cleaning with Ingredients from Your Kitchen
http://www.montanasnewsstation.com/Global/story.asp?S=8656026&nav=menu227_3
Dangerous cosmetics: what you're really putting on your body
http://www.live5news.com/Global/story.asp?S=8657201
The Truth About Plastic
http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,1821664,00.html
Vog's Effect On Plants Prompts Call For Natural Disaster
http://www.kitv.com/money/16850573/detail.html?treets=hon&tml=hon_12pm&ts=T&tmi=hon_12pm_1_05000307112008
July 9, 2008
Officials: Pesticides May Have Caused Family's Mystery Illness
http://www.myfoxdc.com/myfox/pages/News/Detail?contentId=6943738&version=4&locale=EN-US&layoutCode=TSTY&pageId=3.2.1
Gardasil's Safety Questioned
http://www.efluxmedia.com/news_Gardasils_Safety_Questioned_20100.html
July 8, 2008
Gardasil - 18 Dead, Thousands Suffer Complications
http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2008/jul/08070809.html
June 24, 2008
Artificial turf target of legal action
http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_9677643?source=most_emailed
Scientific Studies
Metabolic biomarkers of increased oxidative stress and impaired methylation
capacity in children with autism
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/80/6/1611
Medication-induced mitochondrial damage and disease.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18626887?dopt=AbstractPlus
Diffuse noxious inhibitory control is delayed in chronic fatigue syndrome:
An experimental study.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18617327?dopt=AbstractPlus
Toxic causes of mental illness are overlooked.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18621076?dopt=AbstractPlus
The Odor Awareness Scale: A New Scale for Measuring Positive and Negative
Odor Awareness.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18622009?dopt=AbstractPlus
Efficacy of fibromyalgia treatment according to level of care: a
meta-analysis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18627602?dopt=AbstractPlus
Lourdes Salvador
www.mcs-america.org
Disclaimer:
Articles and links are not necessarily the opinion of MCS America, Lourdes
Salvador, and/or the volunteers who assemble this information. We will be
not responsible for misuse of this information. Posting does not constitute
endorsement. We have no financial interest in anything posted . This post is
provided free of charge via volunteer effort.
Wednesday, July 16, 2008
The Odor Awareness Scale: A New Scale for Measuring Positive and Negative Odor Awareness
The Odor Awareness Scale: A New Scale for Measuring Positive and Negative Odor Awareness.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18622009?dopt=AbstractPlus
1Clinical and Health Psychology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 35&4 CS, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
The Odor Awareness Scale (OAS) is a questionnaire designed to assess individual differences in awareness of odors in the environment. The theory that odor awareness can be distinguished in awareness of negative (to be avoided) odors and positive (to be approached) odors was tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the 34-item questionnaire after completion by 525 respondents. CFA (after deletion of 2 items) showed good fit of the 2-factor theory, resulting in a positive awareness subscale (11 items, Cronbach's alpha = .77) and a negative awareness subscale (21 items, Cronbach's alpha = .80). Furthermore, reports of sickness from environmental odors were correlated with the negative odor awareness factor, not the positive odor awareness factor. Respondents scoring high on the overall sum score of the OAS showed significantly better olfactory performance on an odor perception test battery than respondents with a low score. These results suggest a causal relation between awareness of potentially negative odors, olfactory performance and experiencing health effects from environmental odor exposure, that warrants further investigation.
PMID: 18622009 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A cohort study of in utero polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposures in relation to secondary sex ratio
A cohort study of in utero polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposures in relation to secondary sex ratio
Irva Hertz-Picciotto , Todd A Jusko
, Eric J Willman
, Rebecca J Baker
, Jean A Keller
, Stuart W Teplin
and M Judith Charles
Environmental Health 2008, 7:37doi:10.1186/1476-069X-7-37
| Published: | 15 July 2008 |
Abstract (provisional)
Background
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous industrial chemicals that persist in the environment and in human fatty tissue. PCBs are related to a class of compounds known as dioxins, specifically 2,3,7,8-TCDD (tetrachloro-dibenzodioxin), which has been implicated as a cause of altered sex ratio, especially in relation to paternal exposures.
Methods
In the 1960's, serum specimens were collected from pregnant women participating in the Child Health and Development Study in the San Francisco Bay Area. The women were interviewed and their serum samples stored at -20 degrees C. For this study, samples were thawed and a total of eleven PCBs were determined in 399 specimens. Secondary sex ratio, or sex ratio at birth, was evaluated as a function of maternal serum concentrations using log-binomial and logistic regression, controlling for hormonally active medications taken during pregnancy.
Results
The relative risk of a male birth decreased by 33% comparing women at the 90th percentile of total PCBs with women at the 10th percentile (RR=0.67; 95% CI, 0.48-0.94; p=0.02), or by approximately 7% for each 1 microgram/L increase in total PCB concentration. Although some congener-specific associations with sex ratio were only marginally statistically significant, all nine PCB congeners with < 30% of samples below the LOQ showed the same direction of association, an improbable finding under the null hypothesis.
Conclusions
Maternal exposure to PCBs may be detrimental to the success of male sperm or to the survival of male embryos. Findings could be due to contaminants, metabolites or PCBs themselves.
Monday, July 14, 2008
2008 US Proclamation Count for Multiple Chemical Sensitivity and Toxic Injury
This years US proclamation count is:
30 total proclamations
5 MCS (multiple chemical sensitivity)
24 TI (toxic inijury)
1 MCS/TI (combined)
2008
View all known proclamations here:
Friday, July 11, 2008
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: an Unusual Case of Vocal Disorder
Article Outline
RATIONALE: Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) is a phenomenon observed in patients who reported sensitivities involving any and every organ system, following exposure to environmental agents including pesticides, solvents, and others. A 39-year-old white man was accidentally exposed to an extremely high concentration of petroleum aromatic hydrocarbons (AH) vapors at his job. Since that time he developed voice disorder attacks every time he smelt gasoline or other HC vapors. These episodes delayed about one hour, and occurred at the work environment, at home or at the gas station. He had no previous history of allergy or vocal cord dysfunction. Investigational procedures for gastro-esophageal reflux and a video-laryngoscopy did not show abnormalities.
METHODS: Double blind challenge tests were performed with 5 different chemical compounds supplied by the employer. He was exposed to inhalation for one minute and the results were evaluated for the occurrence of voice disorder and accompanied by video-laryngoscopy.
RESULTS: Voice disorder associated with vocal cord edema was observed immediately after provocation with samples 1, 2 and 4. They were composed by a mixture of nafta derivates (ND) and at least 15% of AH. Samples 3 and 5 did not produce voice disorder or anatomic modifications on the vocal cords. They were composed by NH4OH plus Na2S, and ND plus 10% of AH, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: These results showed evidences that AH could be involved in the observed events. The voice disorders were well correlated with video-laryngoscopy findings. AH could be listed as a potential agent involved in MCS.
Allergic Center Diseases, Salvador - Bahia, BRAZIL
PII: S0091-6749(06)02498-5
doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.101
© 2007 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
NEWS/TIPS: Natural Cleaning with Ingredients from Your Kitchen
http://www.montanasnewsstation.com/Global/story.asp?S=8656026&nav=menu227_3
Store bought cleaners can irritate eyes and skin and are one of the leading
causes of toxic exposure reported to the U.S. poison control center.
Detergents, chemical fragrances, and cleaning products are often made of
non-biodegradable materials, use non-renewable resources such as petroleum,
contain substances known to cause cancer, and harm wildlife. You can give
natural cleaning a try without a lot of effort; most of the ingredients are
probably lying around your house already. There is a natural solution to
most any cleaning challenge that you wish to tackle. Here are some basics
to get you started.
See link for natural cleaning tips.
NEWS: Perfume spraying incident leads to arrest
Perfume spraying incident leads to arrest
http://www.dailycomet.com/article/20080711/HURBLOG/164347976/1224&title=Perfume_spraying_incident_leads_to_arrest
HOUMA The cologne-wafting woman local police believe caused at least two men to feel ill and light-headed was arrested Thursday, after being pulled over near the Hollywood Video parking lot on Martin Luther King Boulevard.
Patches Wegmann, 22, of 1449 Spanish Oaks Drive in Harvey, was charged with simple battery and unlawful solicitation after she sprayed perfume on a 26-year-old man's arm outside a store in a Martin Luther King Boulevard shopping center, said Maj. Malcolm Wolfe, Terrebonne Parish Sheriff's Office spokesman. She was with three other men who were released and not charged.
<snip>
Sheriff's Office is still investigating the incident. At this time, it is unknown what, if any, noxious fumes are in the perfume mixtures. If anyone has any information concerning similar activities, they are encouraged to call the Sheriff's Office at 876-2500.
NEWS, Science, & Links Summary for the W/E 7/11/2008
Unum: If at first you don't Succeed.Keep Trying
http://www.blurtit.com/q656000.html
Class suit planned over endosulfan use
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/regions/view/20080711-147708/Class-suit-planned-over-endosulfan-use
July 10, 2008
Findings on Katrina Trailers Went Undisclosed, Maker Says
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/08/AR2008070802315.html
Treat The Pain Of Fibromyalgia Through Effective Alternative Therapies
http://www.themedguru.com/articles/treat_the_pain_of_fibromyalgia_through_effective_alternative_therapies-8615928.html
Man Says Mold In Home Is Making Him Ill
http://www.wfsb.com/news/16847911/detail.html
EPA Drops Value of an American Life
http://news.aol.com/story/_a/epa-drops-value-of-an-american-life/20080710201309990001
Tips to Avoid Mold from Record Floods
http://www.kimt.com/news/local/24278279.html
Micro materials that could pose major health risks
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080710.wnano10/BNStory/specialScienceandHealth/home
July 9, 2008
Dunes program focuses on helping environment
http://www.post-trib.com/news/neighbors/1044353,greening.article
Wilson: Some Vaccines Still Contain Mercury
http://www.wxyz.com/content/news/investigators/story.aspx?content_id=599da2da-f75e-4844-952e-1241f33b57fd
Some disabled drivers don't look it
http://www.stltoday.com/blogzone/along-for-the-ride/uncategorized/2008/07/some-disabled-drivers-dont-look-it/
X-ray mum: I was on NHS blacklist
http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/s/1057389_xray_mum_i_was_on_nhs_blacklist
July 8, 2008
Trailer Graveyards Haunt FEMA, Neighbors
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92183909
Cipro joins the 'black box' club
http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/booster_shots/2008/07/cipro-joins-the.html
Dental Industry Gets an Earful on Mercury
http://abcnews.go.com/print?id=5335155
Fringe autism treatment could get federal study
http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5j71A7ZN9GaxtikP7Mo0ZmINil4aQD91PT3382
Did Trailer Makers Know About Toxic Fumes?
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/07/08/cbsnews_investigates/printable4243041.shtml
California suing cement company over toxic emissions
http://www.kget.com/news/state/story.aspx?content_id=74b236dc-3dc0-4a4c-88dc-f109713ebd86
Dental industry gets an earful on mercury
http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5gpYiyxyvwc3gI5hyTaHwqZA4BBFQD91PUUQ00
Panel Hears Testimony on Toxic Mold
http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/07/08/panel-hears-testimony-on-toxic-mold/
Back to school: A painful experience saw Sue Collins change the course of
her life
http://education.guardian.co.uk/further/voices/story/0,,2289639,00.html
A Cloth to Cut the Mercury Risk From Light Bulbs
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/08/science/08obcfl.html?_r=1&ref=science&oref=slogin
July 7, 2008
The Toxic Consequences of the Green Revolution
http://www.usnews.com/articles/news/world/2008/07/07/the-toxic-consequences-of-the-green-revolution_print.htm
Lawmakers call for probe of chemical plant
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/07/07/MNQB11L5DD.DTL
CDC reports on adverse reactions to Gardasil vaccine
http://www.cbc.ca/health/story/2008/07/07/adversereactions-gardasil.html
The Hazards of Flooding - Parts I and II
http://www.mountainstatesman.com/V2_news_articles.php?heading=0&page=&story_id=1205
Canada Takes More Action To Protect Human Health And The Environment Under
World Leading Chemicals Management Plan
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/114122.php
Crusader against plant receives alarming news
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/07/06/MN3JVU4O8.DTL
Asthma on the rise
http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20080707/LIFESTYLE/736118811/1350&title=Asthma_on_the_rise
July 6, 2008
Give mosquitos the brush off with herbals
http://www.thecanaryreport.org/give-mosquitos-the-brush-off-with-herbals.html
Baseline Maneuvers
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/06/opinion/06sun3.html?_r=1&ref=opinion&oref=slogin
Mold drives family from 'dream' home
http://www.charleston.net/news/2008/jul/06/mold_drives_family_from_dream_home46673/
Fear of the needle: State agencies try to dispel immunization concerns
http://www.magicvalley.com/articles/2008/07/06/news/top_story/139909.txt
Scientists still baffled at bee losses
http://www.onlineathens.com/stories/070608/uganews_20080706053.shtml
How to Have Perfect Health in a Polluted World
http://pr.cannazine.co.uk/content/view/438/27/
Government identifies chemicals 'toxic' to humans and the environment
http://canadianpress.google.com/article/ALeqM5iC5NXZlLcrne7UE6OcFMTHp6Dmxg
Feds to investigate Livermore Lab's handling of toxic metal beryllium
http://www.contracostatimes.com/bayandstate/ci_9799154?nclick_check=1
Are you being green washed?
http://www.guardian.co.uk/travel/2008/jul/06/green.ethicalholidays/print
Cancer vaccine linked to illness in women
http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,23974632-2,00.html
Ex-worker on crusade against chemical plant
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/07/05/MN3JVU4N2.DTL
July 5, 2008
Calls to ban poison found in beef
http://www.stuff.co.nz/stuff/4608075a3600.html
If we're banning harmful chemicals, we have lots of work to do
http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=5e2da90d-555b-409d-be08-95d2973d27b4
Unum's appeal backfires in Nev.
http://www.telegram.com/article/20080704/NEWS/807040318/1002/BUSINESS_
Chemical-free Lawn and Garden Care
http://www.healthnewsdigest.com/news/Environment_380/Chemical-free_Lawn_and_Garden_Care.shtml
July 3, 2008
Bush administration to replace health czar for World Trade Center
http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/07/03/america/NA-US-Attacks-Health.php
Household Antibacterial Product Use May Promote Microbial Resistance
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/577055
July 2, 2008
Childhood vaccinations suspended at Genesis pediatric clinics
http://www.wqad.com/Global/story.asp?S=8613656&nav=1sW7
July 2008
Time for a Change: From Exposure Assessment to Exposure Science
http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2008/116-7/editorial.html
June 30,2008
FDA Rejects Gardasil for Older Women
http://medheadlines.com/2008/06/30/fda-rejects-gardasil-for-older-women/
June 29, 2008
Rift delays release of study on safety of cellphones
http://www.iht.com/bin/printfriendly.php?id=14067234
Links
Indoor Air Quality in Office Buildings: A Technical Guide
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/air/office_building-immeubles_bureaux/organic-organiques-eng.php
Scientific Studies
Assessment of acute injuries, exposure to environmental toxins, and
five-year health surveillance of New York Police Department working dogs
following the September 11, 2001, World Trade Center terrorist attack.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18593312?dopt=AbstractPlus
Pathology and toxicology findings for search-and-rescue dogs deployed to the
September 11, 2001, terrorist attack sites: initial five-year surveillance.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18599853?dopt=AbstractPlus
Thalassotherapy for fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial comparing
aquatic exercises in sea water and water pool.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18600327?dopt=AbstractPlus
Irreversible color vision losses in patients with chronic mercury vapor
intoxication
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18598423?dopt=AbstractPlus
Lourdes Salvador
www.mcs-america.org
Disclaimer:
Articles and links are not necessarily the opinion of MCS America, Lourdes
Salvador, and/or the volunteers who assemble this information. We will be
not responsible for misuse of this information. Posting does not constitute
endorsement. We have no financial interest in anything posted . This post is
provided free of charge via volunteer effort.