Model-Based Therapeutic Correction of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Dysfunction
Journal: PLoS Comput Biol. 2009 Jan;5(1):e1000273. Epub 2009 Jan 23.
Authors: Ben-Zvi A, Vernon SD, Broderick G.
Affiliations:
[1] Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of
Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,
[2] The CFIDS Association of America, Charlotte, North Carolina,
United States of America,
[3] Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
NLM Citation: PMID: 19165314
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a major system maintaining body homeostasis by regulating the neuroendocrine and sympathetic nervous systems as well modulating immune function. Recent work has shown that the complex dynamics of this system accommodate several stable steady states, one of which corresponds to
the hypocortisol state observed in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). At present these dynamics are not formally considered in the development of treatment strategies.
Here we use model-based predictive control (MPC) methodology to estimate robust treatment courses for displacing the HPA axis from an abnormal hypocortisol steady state back to a healthy cortisol level. This approach was applied to a recent model of HPA axis dynamics incorporating glucocorticoid receptor kinetics. A candidate treatment that displays robust properties in the face of significant biological variability and measurement uncertainty requires that cortisol be further suppressed for a short period until adrenocorticotropic hormone levels exceed 30% of baseline. Treatment may then be discontinued, and the HPA axis will naturally progress to a stable attractor defined by normal hormone levels.
Suppression of biologically available cortisol may be achieved through the use of binding proteins such as CBG and certain metabolizing enzymes, thus offering possible avenues for deployment in a clinical setting. Treatment strategies can therefore be designed that maximally exploit system dynamics to provide a robust response to treatment and ensure a positive outcome over a wide range of conditions.
Perhaps most importantly, a treatment course involving further reduction in cortisol, even transient, is quite counterintuitive and challenges the conventional strategy of supplementing cortisol levels, an approach based on steady-state reasoning.
