Wednesday, April 30, 2008

Influence of genetic factors on toluene diisocyanate-related symptoms: evidence from a cross-sectional study

http://www.ehjournal.net/content/7/1/15

Karin Broberg , Hakan Tinnerberg , Anna Axmon , Margareta Warholm , Agneta Rannug and Margareta Littorin

Environmental Health 2008, 7:15doi:10.1186/1476-069X-7-15


Published:	30 April 2008

Abstract (provisional)

Background

Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is a highly reactive compound used in the production of, e.g., polyurethane foams and paints. TDI is known to cause respiratory symptoms and diseases. Because TDI causes symptoms in only a fraction of exposed workers, genetic factors may play a key role in disease susceptibility.

Methods

Workers (N=132) exposed to TDI and a non-exposed group (N=114) were analyzed for genotype (metabolising genes: CYP1A1*2A, CYP1A1*2B, GSTM1*O, GSTM3*B, GSTP1 I105V, GSTP1 A114V, GSTT1*O, MPO -463, NAT1*3, *4, *10, *11, *14, *15, NAT2*5, *6, *7, SULT1A1 R213H; immune-related genes: CCL5 -403, HLA-DQB1*05, TNF -308, TNF -863) and symptoms of the eyes, upper and lower airways (based on structured interviews).

Results

For three polymorphisms: CYP1A1*2A, CYP1A1*2B, and TNF -308 there was a pattern consistent with interaction between genotype and TDI exposure status for the majority of symptoms investigated, although it did reach statistical significance only for some symptoms: among TDI-exposed workers, the CYP1A1 variant carriers had increased risk (CYP1A1*2A and eye symptoms: variant carriers OR 2.0 95% CI 0.68- 6.1, p-value for interaction 0.048; CYP1A1*2B and wheeze: IV carriers OR=12, 1.4- 110, p-value for interaction 0.057). TDI-exposed individuals with TNF-308 A were protected against the majority of symptoms, but it did not reach statistical significance. In the non-exposed group, however, TNF -308 A carriers showed higher risk of the majority of symptoms (eye symptoms: variant carriers OR=2.8, 1.1-7.1, p-value for interaction 0.12; dry cough OR=2.2, 0.69-7.2, p-value for interaction 0.036). Individuals with SULT1A1 213H had reduced risk both in the exposed and non-exposed groups. Other polymorphisms, showed associations to certain symptoms: among TDI-exposed, NAT1*10 carriers had a higher risk of eye symptoms and CCL5 -403 AG+AA as well as HLA-DQB1 *05 carriers displayed increased risk of symptoms of the lower airways. GSTM1, GSTM3 and GSTP1 only displayed effects on symptoms of the lower airways in the non-exposed group.

Conclusions

Specific gene-TDI interactions for symptoms of the eyes and lower airways appear to exist. The results suggest different mechanisms for TDI- and non- TDI-related symptoms of the eyes and lower airways.

Tuesday, April 29, 2008

Incense smoke: clinical, structural and molecular effects on airway disease.

Clin Mol Allergy. 2008 Apr 25;6(1):3 [Epub ahead of print]

Incense smoke: clinical, structural and molecular effects on airway disease.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18439280?dopt=AbstractPlus

Lin TC, Krishnaswamy G, Chi DS.

ABSTRACT: In Asian countries where the Buddhism and Taoism are mainstream religions, incense burning is a daily practice. A typical composition of stick incense consists of 21% (by weight) of herbal and wood powder, 35% of fragrance material, 11% of adhesive powder, and 33% of bamboo stick. Incense smoke (fumes) contains particulate matter (PM), gas products and other organic compounds. On average, incense burning produces particulates greater than 45 mg/g burned (as compared to 10 mg/g burned for cigarettes). The gas products from burning incense include CO, CO2, NO2, SO2, and others. Incense burning also produces volatile organic compounds, such as benzene, toluene, and xylenes, as well as aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The air pollution in and around various temples has been documented to be harmful effects on health. When incense smoke pollutants are inhaled, they cause respiratory system dysfunction. Incense smoke is a risk factor for elevated cord blood IgE levels and has been indicated to cause allergic contact dermatitis. Incense smoke also has been associated with neoplasm and extracts of particulate matter from incense smoke are found to be mutagenic in the Ames Salmonella test with TA98 and activation. In order to prevent airway disease and other health problem, it is advisable that people should reduce the exposure time when they worship at the temple with heavy incense smokes, and ventilate their house when they burn incense at home.

PMID: 18439280 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Vehicle emissions and consumer information in car advertisements

http://www.ehjournal.net/content/7/1/14

Nick Wilson , Anthony Maher , George Thomson and Michael Keall

Environmental Health 2008, 7:14doi:10.1186/1476-069X-7-14


Published:	29 April 2008

Abstract (provisional)

Background

The advertising of vehicles has been studied from a safety perspective but not in terms of vehicle air pollutants. We aimed to examine the content and trends of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution-related information, in light passenger vehicle advertisements.

Methods

Content analysis of the two most popular current affairs magazines in New Zealand for the five year period 2001-2005 was undertaken (n=514 advertisements). This was supplemented with vehicle data from official websites.

Results

The advertisements studied provided some information on fuel type (52%), and engine size (39%); but hardly any provided information on fuel efficiency (3%), or emissions (4%). Over the five-year period the reported engine size increased significantly, while fuel efficiency did not improve. For the vehicles advertised, for which relevant official website data could be obtained, the average "greenhouse rating" for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions was 5.1, with a range from 0.5 to 8.5 (on a scale with 10 being the best and 0.5 being the most polluting). The average CO2 emissions were 50% higher than the average for cars made by European manufacturers. The average "air pollution" rating for the advertised vehicles was 5.4 (on the same 1-10 scale). The yearly averages for the "greenhouse" or "air pollution" ratings did not change significantly over the five-year period. One advertised hybrid vehicle had a fuel consumption that was under half the average (4.4 versus 9.9 L/100km), as well as the best "greenhouse" and "air pollution" ratings.

Conclusions

To enhance informed consumer choice and to control greenhouse gas and air pollution emissions, governments should introduce regulations on the content of vehicle advertisements and marketing (as started by the European Union). Similar regulations are already in place for the marketing of many other consumer products.

Sunday, April 27, 2008

Alternatives for fragrance-allergic children.

Pediatr Ann. 2008 Feb;37(2):102-3. Links

Alternatives for fragrance-allergic children.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=18335881&itool=iconabstr&itool=pubmed_DocSum

Jacob SE, Castanedo-Tardan MP.

University of California, San Diego, USA. sjacob@contactderm.net

In 2007 "fragrances" were named "allergen of the year" by the American Contact Dermatitis Society to highlight the importance of this group of allergens. Because fragrance allergy in children is a real problem that is potentially avoidable by substituting products free of these sensitizing chemicals (see Table, page 103), action toward awareness and prevention is imperative.

PMID: 18335881 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Saturday, April 26, 2008

MCS America News - May 2008, Volume 3, Issue 5

MCS America

MCSA NEWS
May 2008, Volume 3, Issue 5

Website Mainpage for This Months Newsletter: http://mcs-america.org/mcsamericanewslettermay2008.htm

Entire PDF Edition: http://mcs-america.org/may2008.pdf (View, Download, and Print)
NEW! Entire Online Edition: http://mcs-america.org/mcsanewsmay2008.htm (View as a Webpage)

Direct Links to Articles Inside This Issue:

MCS Awareness Month: May 2008 (Educational Information About MCS)
Online Edition: http://mcs-america.org/mcsanewsmay2008.htm#_MCS_Awareness_Month
PDF Edition: http://mcs-america.org/may2008pg12345.pdf

Challenges Faced by Students with MCS (Multiple Chemical Sensitivities) in a Traditional School Environment
Online Edition: http://mcs-america.org/mcsanewsmay2008.htm#_Challenges_Faced_by
PDF Edition: http://mcs-america.org/may2008pg6789101112.pdf

Wood Smoke Trespass: A Violation of Property Rights
Online Edition: http://mcs-america.org/mcsanewsmay2008.htm#_Wood_Smoke_Trespass
PDF Edition:     http://mcs-america.org/may2008pg1314.pdf

Scientific Review: Pesticides & Nerve Agents Sicken Gulf War Veterans
Online Edition: http://mcs-america.org/mcsanewsmay2008.htm#_Pesticides_&_Nerve
PDF Edition:     http://mcs-america.org/may2008pg15.pdf

Scientific Study: Heat Increases Toxicity
Online Edition: http://mcs-america.org/mcsanewsmay2008.htm#_Heat_Increases_Toxicity
PDF Edition:     http://mcs-america.org/may2008pg16.pdf

Scientific Study: Automobile Air Fresheners Produce Harmful Gases in Your Vehicle
Online Edition: http://mcs-america.org/mcsanewsmay2008.htm#_Automobile_Air_Fresheners
PDF Edition:    http://mcs-america.org/may2008pg17.pdf

Scientific Study: The Economy of Chronic Fatigue
Online Edition: http://mcs-america.org/mcsanewsmay2008.htm#_The_Economy_of
PDF Edition:     http://mcs-america.org/may2008pg18.pdf

Scientific Study: Everyday Products Influence Indoor Air Quality
Online Edition: http://mcs-america.org/mcsanewsmay2008.htm#_Everyday_Products_Influence
PDF Edition:    http://mcs-america.org/may2008pg19.pdf

Scientific Study: Teenagers Increasingly Affected by Multiple Chemical Sensitivity
Online Edition: http://mcs-america.org/mcsanewsmay2008.htm#_Teenagers_Increasingly_Affected
PDF Edition:     http://mcs-america.org/may2008pg20.pdf

U.S. Governor Proclamations: MCS Awareness Month Signed Proclamations
Online Edition: http://mcs-america.org/mcsanewsmay2008.htm#_U.S._Governor_Proclamations
PDF Edition:    http://mcs-america.org/may2008pg2122232425262728293031.pdf

Sal's Place:   The Pain of Disbelief
Online Edition: http://mcs-america.org/mcsanewsmay2008.htm#_The_Pain_of
PDF Edition:    http://mcs-america.org/may2008pg3233.pdf

Inside MCS America: MICAGO: Unified for a World Free of Harmful Chemicals
Online Edition: http://mcs-america.org/mcsanewsmay2008.htm#_MICAGO:__Unified
PDF Edition:     http://mcs-america.org/may2008pg3435.pdf

MCS Community News
Online Edition: http://mcs-america.org/mcsanewsmay2008.htm#_MCS_Community_News
PDF Edition:    http://mcs-america.org/may2008pg36.pdf

MCS Research Studies
Online Edition: http://mcs-america.org/mcsanewsmay2008.htm#_Featured_MCS_Research

PDF Edition: http://mcs-america.org/may2008pg373839.pdf

Multiple Chemical Sensitivities America
http://www.mcs-america.org

admin@mcs-america.org

NEWS, Science, & Links Summary for the W/E 4/25/2008

Thursday, April 24, 2008

Endocrine disruptive effects of chemicals eluted from nitrile-butadiene rubber gloves using reporter gene assay systems

Endocrine disruptive effects of chemicals eluted from nitrile-butadiene rubber gloves using reporter gene assay systems

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18310895?dopt=AbstractPlus

Satoh K, Nonaka R, Ohyama K, Nagai F, Ogata A, Iida M.

Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan. Kanako_Satou@member.metro.tokyo.jp

Biol Pharm Bull. 2008 Mar;31(3):375-9.

FULLTEXT: http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/31/3/31_375/_article

Disposable gloves made of nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) are used for contact with foodstuffs rather than polyvinyl chloride gloves containing di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), because endocrine-disruptive effects are suspected for phthalate diesters including DEHP. However, 4,4'-butylidenebis(6-t-butyl-m-cresol) (BBBC), 2,4-di-t-butylphenol, and 2,2,4-trimetyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate can be eluted from NBR gloves, and possibly also detected in food. In this study, we examined the endocrine-disrupting effects of these chemicals via androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated pathways using stably transfected reporter gene cell lines expressing AR (AR-EcoScreen system) and ER (MVLN cells), respectively. We also examined the binding activities of these chemicals to AR and ER. The IC50 value of BBBC for antagonistic androgen was in the range of 10(-6)M. The strength of inhibition was about 5 times that of a known androgen antagonist, 1,1'-(2,2-dichloroethylidene)bis[4-chlorobenzene] (p,p'-DDE), and similar to that of bisphenol A. The IC50 value of BBBC for antagonistic estrogen was in the range of 10(-6)M. These results suggest that BBBC and its structural homologue, 4,4'-thiobis(6-t-butyl-m-cresol) are androgen and estrogen antagonists. It is therefore necessary to study these chemicals in vivo, and clarify their effect on the endocrine system.

PMID: 18310895 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Tuesday, April 22, 2008

Illness experience in fibromyalgia syndrome: A metasynthesis of qualitative studies.

Soc Sci Med. 2008 Apr 17 [Epub ahead of print]

Illness experience in fibromyalgia syndrome: A metasynthesis of qualitative studies.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18423826?dopt=AbstractPlus

Sim J, Madden S.

Primary Care Musculoskeletal Research Centre, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom.

There is growing interest in synthesizing qualitative research. Despite certain philosophical and methodological difficulties, such syntheses are potentially useful in enriching the insights of empirical qualitative work in a particular area. This paper reports an interpretive review of research into the subjective experience of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), utilizing principles of metasynthesis. Twenty-three separate studies were identified. Each study was evaluated using methodological criteria to provide a context for interpretation of substantive findings. Principal findings were extracted and synthesized under four broad categories: experience of symptoms, search for diagnosis, legitimacy, and coping. Our findings re-emphasised the point that pain in FMS is ambiguous and invisible, raising questions of credibility and legitimacy. People with a diagnosis of FMS appear to frame the experience of symptoms within the biomedical model, where FMS is viewed as an organic entity potentially identifiable through biomedical tests. The subjective meaning and perceived legitimacy of the diagnostic label appear to be important factors in the subjective experience of FMS. Coping strategies adopted can be subsumed under Mannerkorpi, K., Kroksmark, T., Ekdahl, C. [1999. How patients with fibromyalgia experience their symptoms in everyday life. Physiotherapy Research International, 4(2), 110-122.] notions of 'struggling', 'adapting', 'in despair' and 'giving up'. Most studies had at least one identified methodological shortcoming, though it is not straightforward to identify the significance of such shortcomings. We conclude that there is scope for further research into the subjective experience of FMS, and into the methodology of metasynthesis, especially in relation to methodological appraisal.

PMID: 18423826 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Allergens Retained in Clothing

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/572119?src=mp&spon=38&uac=41973CJ

Susan Nedorost; Margaret Kessler; Thomas McCormick

Dermatitis. 2007;18(4):212-214

Abstract

Background: Some patients state compliance with avoidance of identified allergens, yet have persistent dermatitis in areas under tight-fitting clothing.
Objective: To analyze a series of such cases to identify allergens most likely retained in clothing.
Methods: Review of contact dermatitis clinic cases and identification of type and formula weight of allergens involved.
Results: High-formula-weight allergens and allergens present in medicament ointments are difficult to dissolve in laundry detergent and water and may be retained in clothing.
Conclusion: Retention of allergens in clothing, even after washing, may explain recalcitrant dermatitis in a patient who states compliance with avoidance of a seemingly relevant allergen. Dermatologists should consider the possibility of allergen retention in clothing whenever a patient has only partial clearing after at least 1 month of attempted compliance with avoidance of identified allergens. Purchase of new clothing may be required to clear allergic contact dermatitis in this situation.

Monday, April 21, 2008

Electronic support groups, patient-consumers, and medicalization: the case of contested illness.

J Health Soc Behav. 2008 Mar;49(1):20-36.

Electronic support groups, patient-consumers, and medicalization: the case of contested illness.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18418983?dopt=AbstractPlus

Barker KK.

Department of Sociology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. kristin.barker@oregonstate.edu

This article illustrates the role electronic support groups play in consumer-driven medicalization. The analysis is based on an observational study of a year in the life of an electronic support group for sufferers of the contested illness fibromyalgia syndrome. The analysis builds on and extends scholarship concerning the growing influence of lay expertise in the context of medical uncertainty by showing how the dominant beliefs and routine practices of this electronic community simultaneously (and paradoxically) challenge the expertise of physicians and encourage the expansion of medicine's jurisdiction. Drawing on their shared embodied expertise, participants confirm the medical character of their problem and its remedy, and they empower each other to search for physicians who will recognize and treat their condition accordingly. Physician compliance is introduced as a useful concept for understanding the relationship between lay expertise, patient-consumer demand, and contemporary (and future) instances of medicalization.

PMID: 18418983 [PubMed - in process]

Chronic fatigue syndrome in male gulf war veterans and civilians: a further test of the single syndrome hypothesis.

J Health Psychol. 2008 May;13(4):529-36.

Chronic fatigue syndrome in male gulf war veterans and civilians: a further test of the single syndrome hypothesis.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18420761?dopt=AbstractPlus

Ciccone DS, Weissman L, Natelson BH.

UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, USA. donald.ciccone@va.gov.

Different modes of fatigue onset in male Gulf War veterans versus male civilians raise the possibility that chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) may not be a single disease entity. We addressed this issue by comparing 45 male veterans with CFS to 84 male civilians who satisfied identical case criteria. All were evaluated for fibromyalgia (FM), multiple chemical sensitivity and psychiatric comorbidity. CFS was more likely to present in a sudden flu-like manner in civilians than veterans (p < .01) and comorbid FM was more prevalent in civilians (p < .01). These findings question the assumption that all patients with CFS suffer from the same underlying disorder.

PMID: 18420761 [PubMed - in process]

Impaired Reproductive Development in Sons of Women Occupationally Exposed to Pesticides during Pregnancy

Impaired Reproductive Development in Sons of Women Occupationally Exposed to Pesticides during Pregnancy

http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2008/10790/abstract.html

Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 116, Number 4, April 2008

Helle R. Andersen,¹ Ida M. Schmidt,² Philippe Grandjean,¹ Tina K. Jensen,¹ Esben Budtz-Jørgensen,³ Mia B. Kjærstad,¹ Jesper Bælum,⁴ Jesper B. Nielsen,¹ Niels E. Skakkebæk,² and Katharina M. Main²

¹Institute of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; ²University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; ³Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; ⁴Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether occupational pesticide exposure during pregnancy causes adverse effects on the reproductive development in the male infants.

Design and measurements: Pregnant women employed in greenhouses in Denmark were consecutively recruited, and 113 mother–son pairs were included. The mothers were categorized as occupationally exposed (91 sons) or unexposed (22 sons) to pesticides during pregnancy. Testicular position and volume, penile length, and position of urethral opening were determined at 3 months of age using standardized techniques. Concentrations of reproductive hormones in serum from the boys were analyzed.

Results: The prevalence of cryptorchidism at 3 months of age was 6.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) , 3.0–12.4]. This prevalence was considerably higher than among Danish boys born in the Copenhagen area (1.9% ; 95% CI, 1.2–3.0) examined by the same procedure. Boys of pesticide-exposed mothers showed decreased penile length, testicular volume, serum concentrations of testosterone, and inhibin B. Serum concentrations of sex hormone-binding globulin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and the luteinizing hormone:testosterone ratio were increased compared with boys of nonexposed mothers. For individual parameters, only the decreased penile length was statistically significant (p = 0.04) . However, all observed effects were in the anticipated direction, and a joint multivariate test showed that this finding had a p-value of 0.012.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest an adverse effect of maternal occupational pesticide exposure on reproductive development in the sons despite current greenhouse safeguards and special measures to protect pregnant women.

Key words: cryptorchidism, greenhouse workers, hormones, occupational exposure, pesticides, prenatal, reproductive development. Environ Health Perspect 116:566–572 (2008) . doi:10.1289/ehp.10790 available via http://dx.doi.org/ [Online 22 January 2008]

Prenatal Exposure to Wood Fuel Smoke and Low Birth Weight

Prenatal Exposure to Wood Fuel Smoke and Low Birth Weight

http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2008/10782/abstract.html

Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 116, Number 4, April 2008

Amna R. Siddiqui,^1,2 Ellen B. Gold,¹ Xiaowei Yang,¹ Kiyoung Lee,³ Kenneth H. Brown,⁴ and Zulfiqar A. Bhutta⁵

¹Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA; ²Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; ³College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; ⁴Department of Nutrition and Program in International and Community Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA; ⁵Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract
Background: Maternal exposure to wood fuel smoke may lead to impaired fetal growth due to hypoxia and or oxidative stress from smoke constituents such as carbon monoxide and particulate matter.

Objectives: We studied the risk of low birth weight (LBW) and reduced mean birth weight in relation to reported use of wood for cooking during the prenatal period, compared with natural gas (NG) .

Methods: We studied a historical cohort of women who had a singleton live birth in the years 2000–2002, from a semirural area of Pakistan. Infant's birth weight was obtained from records, and prenatal records had data for maternal body mass index and parity. Cooking habits, daytime sleep habits, and type of fuel used during the pregnancies in 2000–2002 were ascertained by a survey done in 2004–2005. We performed multiple linear and logistic regression modeling using propensity scores to adjust for confounding variables.

Results: Unadjusted mean (± SD) birth weight was 2.78 ± 0.45 kg in wood users, and 2.84 ± 0.43 kg (p < 0.06) in NG users. Infants born to wood users averaged 82 g lighter than infants born to NG users when weight was adjusted for confounders (p < 0.07) . The rate of LBW (< 2,500 g) was 22.7% among wood users compared with 15.0% in NG users (p < 0.01) , for an adjusted relative risk of 1.64 (95% confidence interval, 1.10–2.34) . The population attributable risk for LBW explained by wood use was estimated to be 24%.

Conclusion: Cooking with wood fuel during pregnancy, a potentially modifiable exposure, was associated with LBW and marginally lower mean birth weight compared with using NG.

Key words: birth weight, cooking habits, historical cohort, natural gas, pregnancy, propensity scores. Environ Health Perspect

Residential Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Survival after Heart Failure

Residential Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Survival after Heart Failure

http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2008/10918/abstract.html

Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 116, Number 4, April 2008

Mercedes Medina-Ramón,¹ Robert Goldberg,^2,3 Steven Melly,¹ Murray A. Mittleman,^4,5 and Joel Schwartz^1,4

¹Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; ²Department of Community Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; ³Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; ⁴Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; ⁵Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Abstract
Background: Although patients with heart failure (HF) have been identified as particularly susceptible to the acute effects of air pollution, the effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on patients with this increasingly prevalent disease are largely unknown.

Objective: This study was designed to examine the mortality risk associated with residential exposure to traffic-related air pollution among HF patients.

Methods: A total of 1,389 patients hospitalized with acute HF in greater Worcester, Massachusetts, during 2000 were followed for survival through December 2005. We used daily traffic within 100 and 300 m of residence as well as the distance from residence to major roadways and to bus routes as proxies for residential exposure to traffic-related air pollution. We assessed mortality risks for each exposure variable using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for prognostic factors.

Results: After the 5-year follow-up, only 334 (24%) subjects were still alive. An interquartile range increase in daily traffic within 100 m of home was associated with a mortality hazard ratio (HR) of 1.15 [95% confidence interval (CI) , 1.05–1.25], whereas for traffic within 300 m this association was 1.09 (95% CI, 1.01–1.19) . The mortality risk decreased with increasing distance to bus routes (HR = 0.88 ; 95% CI, 0.81–0.96) and was larger for those living within 100 m of a major roadway or 50 m of a bus route (HR = 1.30 ; 95% CI, 1.13–1.49) . Adjustment for area-based income and educational level slightly attenuated these associations.

Conclusions: Residential exposure to traffic-related air pollution increases the mortality risk after hospitalization with acute HF. Reducing exposure to traffic-related emissions may improve the long-term prognosis of HF patients.

Key words: air pollution, epidemiology, follow-up studies, heart failure, survival. Environ Health Perspect 116:481–485 (2008) . doi:10.1289/ehp.10918 available via http://dx.doi.org/ [Online 10 January 2008]

Sunday, April 20, 2008

Altered cortical excitability in subjectively electrosensitive patients: results of a pilot study.

J Psychosom Res. 2007 Mar;62(3):283-8.

Links

Altered cortical excitability in subjectively electrosensitive patients: results of a pilot study.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/17324677

Landgrebe M, Hauser S, Langguth B, Frick U, Hajak G, Eichhammer P.

Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.

OBJECTIVE: Hypersensitivity to electromagnetic fields is frequently claimed to be linked to a variety of unspecific somatic and/or neuropsychological complaints. Whereas provocation studies often failed to demonstrate a causal relationship between electromagnetic field exposure and symptom formation, neurophysiological examinations highlight baseline deviations in people claiming to be electrosensitive. METHODS: To elucidate a potential role of dysfunctional cortical regulations in mediating hypersensitivity to electromagnetic fields, cortical excitability parameters were measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation in subjectively electrosensitive patients (n=23) and two control groups (n=49) differing in their level of unspecific health complaints. RESULTS: Electrosensitive patients showed reduced intracortical facilitation as compared to both control groups, while motor thresholds and intracortical inhibition were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study gives additional evidence that altered central nervous system function may account for symptom manifestation in subjectively electrosensitive patients as has been postulated for several chronic multisymptom illnesses sharing a similar clustering of symptoms.

PMID: 17324677 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Saturday, April 19, 2008

Green product seals are gray area

Comment: This is a good reminder that green and environmentally friendly products are not necessarily safe. This article is informative about the terminology labels use and what they really mean.

Green product seals are gray area

http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2008/04/19/MNHGVQQIC.DTL&type=printable

As Earth Day 2008 arrives on Tuesday, American consumers face a renewed outpouring of environmental marketing claims - boasts by companies that their products are everything from "100 percent natural" to "recyclable," "eco-friendly," "sustainable," "biodegradable," or just plain "green."

Occupational contact dermatitis due to essential oils.

Contact Dermatitis. 2008 May;58(5):282-4.

Occupational contact dermatitis due to essential oils.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18416758?dopt=AbstractPlus

Trattner A, David M, Lazarov A.

Department of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tiqwa, Israel. atrattner@clalit.org.il

BACKGROUND: Allergic contact dermatitis induced by the occupational use of products containing essential oils has not been studied comprehensively. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present report was to describe the characteristics, diagnosis, and outcome of 5 patients with occupational contact dermatitis because of essential oils attending our outpatient dermatology clinics over a 2-year period. PATIENTS: These patients are added to the 11 cases reported thus far in the literature. RESULTS: The research shows that for proper diagnosis, patch tests with the standard series and the fragrance series should be performed, in addition to tests with the specific oils to which the patients were exposed. CONCLUSIONS: Patients should be instructed to avoid the allergens identified. Sensitization to essential oils has important implications for the occupational future of affected individuals.

PMID: 18416758 [PubMed - in process]

Friday, April 18, 2008

News, Science, & Links Summary for the W/E 4/18/2008

April 20 (postdated)

Green and Clean
http://www.projo.com/news/environment/content/clean_green_04-20-08_3V9PGKE_v36.1335c78.html

April 18, 2008

Sticker Shock in the Organic Aisles
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/18/business/18organic.html?_r=1&oref=slogin&pagewanted=print

More Study and Greater Regulation of Toxic Chemicals in Textiles Needed,
Says David Brookstein, Sc.D., Director of Philadelphia University Institute
for Textile and Apparel Safety
http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/more-study-and-greater-regulation,358625.shtml

Children will be guinea pigs
http://www.marinij.com/opinion/ci_8969038

Going green? Better look past the label.
http://www.philadelphiaweekly.com/articles/16824/news

Caution at the cosmetics counter
http://chealth.canoe.ca/channel_section_details.asp?text_id=4437&channel_id=2003&relation_id=11995

Sweetener poses serious health risks
http://www.newstrib.com/word/default.asp?bid=6BB776D9C73275471A4AEDD36CDDD585B2DD9A2BA6AD02EE

April 17, 2008

Is your home slowly killing you?
http://news.medill.northwestern.edu/chicago/news.aspx?id=86397

Go green at home and protect the family from harmful chemicals
http://www.mydesert.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080417/LIFESTYLES03/804170347/-1/newsfront

Asthma mystery deepens as cases rise
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080417.wasthma17/BNStory/specialScienceandHealth/home

High chemical levels found in dogs and cats
http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2008-04-16-pets-chemicals_N.htm

Event focuses on the dangers of chemical-based cleaners
http://hometownlife.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080417/LIFE/804170734/1106/NEWS13

April 16, 2008

Study shows harm of compact fluorescent bulbs
http://www.timesunion.com/AspStories/story.asp?storyID=681149&category=OPINION&newsdate=4/16/2008

Formaldehyde Linked to Lou Gehrig's Disease
http://www.ajc.com/health/content/shared-auto/healthnews/als/614428.html

Bill to force landlords clean up mold
http://www.nydailynews.com/ny_local/2008/04/16/2008-04-16_bill_to_force_landlords_clean_up_mold.html

Maker of Vioxx Is Accused of Deception
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/15/AR2008041502086_pf.html

Health problems linked to chemical in plastic products
http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080416/NEWS07/804160372

Calling a chemical toxic doesn't get it off shelf
http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=2b595b1b-c0e2-4eb6-9e85-5297b3c1abdc

Pesticide Registry Available to Denver Residents
http://www.thecherrycreeknews.com/content/view/2971/2/

Canadian stores race to purge bisphenol A products
http://newsletters.environmentalhealthnews.org/t/11465/19101/14454/0/?u=aHR0cDovL3d3dy50aGVnbG9iZWFuZG1haWwuY29tL3NlcnZsZXQvc3RvcnkvUlRHQU0uMjAwODA0MTYud2JwYTE2L0JOU3RvcnkvTmF0aW9uYWwvaG9tZQ%3d%3d&x=ceb16bee

U.S. study ambivalent on BPA dangers
http://www.cbc.ca/consumer/story/2008/04/16/bpa-study.html#postc

April 15, 2008

Study links traffic pollution to thousands of deaths
http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2008/apr/15/health

Teacher gives board firsthand look at mold
http://www.columbiatribune.com/2008/Apr/20080415News001.asp

'Toxic' plastic could remain in use
http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=1aaf8ca3-a969-4f41-9023-f68982899d1e&k=99266

Report cites chemical's risk
http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=739923

Complaint alleges unsafe chemical used in baby formula
http://www.startribune.com/local/17762389.html

Chemical found 'everywhere' may cause cancer, study says
http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/nation/5704320.html

CDC Study Reveals Toxic Chemical in Sunscreens Contaminate 97% of
Americans
http://www.expertclick.com/NewsReleaseWire/default.cfm?Action=ReleaseDetail&ID=21107

Study: Traffic Fumes Leads To Increased Pneumonia Deaths
http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7010639702

Ridding life of bisphenol A a challenge
http://healthzone.ca/health/articlePrint/415296

Parents worry vandalism remnants may harm children
http://www.ktuu.com/Global/story.asp?S=8172823

Citing Ethics, Some Doctors Are Rejecting Industry Pay
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/15/health/15conf.html?_r=1&oref=slogin&pagewanted=print

Is industrial pollution making America fat?
http://www.portlandtribune.com/sustainable/story.php?story_id=120793680532167700

High mobile use puts us at risk of brain tumours
http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1159577_

Air pollution kills as many as the smogs of the 1950s, say scientists
http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23478423-details/Air+pollution+kills+as+many+as+the+smogs+of+the+1950s,+say+scientists/article.do

April 14,2008

Vanishing Act: EPA is missing in action on major environmental issues,
observers charge
http://nationaljournal.com/about/njweekly/stories/2008/0411nj1.htm

Disturbances in brain circuitry linked to chronic exposure to solvents
http://www.physorg.com/news127480532.html

Dr Rea: An outstanding physician | ABC: You are incorrect
http://stanford.wellsphere.com/healing---recovery-article/-dr-rea:-an-outstanding-physician-|-abc:-you-are-incorrect/6873

Dental offices may be source of mercury pollution
http://uk.reuters.com/articlePrint?articleId=UKCOL47042520080414

Dryer Sheets
http://pubs.acs.org/cen/whatstuff/86/8615sci2.html

Redwood City company hosts student's eco-friendly blog
http://origin.insidebayarea.com/sanmateocountytimes/localnews/ci_8918205

April 13, 2008

Manager's scent giving you a headache?
http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2008/04/13/managers_scent_giving_you_a_headache/

Pesticide ban placed on town fields
http://www.greenwichtime.com/ci_8907890

Common Sense About Scents
http://www.canyon-news.com/artman2/publish/lookinggoodforlotsless/LG4Column0815.php

April 12, 2008

Low VOCs the trend in paint
http://www.thestar.com/printArticle/413120

Retrial ordered based on mold
http://www.syracuse.com/poststandard/stories/index.ssf?/base/news-13/120600340617791.xml&coll=1&thispage=1

Toxicity 'safe' for intervention staff
http://news.smh.com.au/toxicity-safe-for-intervention-staff/20080412-25p9.html

A toxic place to work
http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/news/saturdayextra/story.html?id=f6cb5b0e-09b4-48c2-8564-9998447e1612

April 11, 2008

Smoke-free housing needed, say health groups
http://centretownnewsonline.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=229&Itemid=98

Health experts can't link spraying to illness
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/04/11/BA4R103Q3D.DTL

Scientific Studies

Biological exposure assessment to tetrachloroethylene for workers in the dry
cleaning industry
McKernan L, Ruder A, Petersen M, Hein M, Forrester C, Sanderson W, Ashley D,
Butler M
Environmental Health, 2008 7:12 (15 April 2008)
Abstract http://www.ehjournal.net/content/7/1/12/abstract
Provisional PDF http://www.ehjournal.net/content/pdf/1476-069X-7-12.pdf

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Male Gulf War Veterans and Civilians
http://hpq.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/13/4/529

Prevalence and risk factors for chemical sensitivity and sensory
hyperreactivity in teenagers.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18403259?dopt=AbstractPlus

Intracellular immune dysfunction in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic
fatigue syndrome: state of the art and therapeutic implications.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18269338?dopt=AbstractPlus

Unravelling intracellular immune dysfunctions in chronic fatigue syndrome:
interactions between protein kinase R activity, RNase L cleavage and
elastase activity, and their clinical relevance.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18396793?dopt=AbstractPlus

Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Maternal Rh-Negativity, and Rho(D) Immune
Globulins: A Multi-Center Assessment.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18404135?dopt=AbstractPlus

Electrocardiographic QT interval and cardiovascular reactivity in
fibromyalgia differ from chronic fatigue syndrome.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18395162?dopt=AbstractPlus

Air emissions from Wagerup alumina refinery and community symptoms: an
environmental case study.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17848859?dopt=AbstractPlus

Lourdes Salvador
www.mcs-america.org

Disclaimer:
Articles and links are not necessarily the opinion of MCS America, Lourdes
Salvadorm, and teh volunteers who assemble this information. We will be
responsible for misuse of this information. Posting does not constitute
endorsement. We have no financial interest in anything posted . This post is
provided free of charge via volunteer effort.

Implication of Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzyme gene (CYP2E1, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, mEH and NAT2) Polymorphisms in Breast Carcinoma.

Comment: I take it that this would put others who are slow acetylators at greater risk of cancer. That would be an interesting study to perform... correlates of MCS and cancer.

Implication of Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzyme gene (CYP2E1, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, mEH and NAT2) Polymorphisms in Breast Carcinoma.

http://7thspace.com/headlines/279399/implication_of_xenobiotic_metabolizing_enzyme_gene_cyp2e1_cyp2c19_cyp2d6_meh_and_nat2_polymorphisms_in_breast_carcinoma.html

Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes (XMEs) contribute to the detoxification of numerous cancer therapy-induced products. This study investigated the susceptibility and prognostic implications of the CYP2E1, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, mEH and NAT2 gene polymorphisms in breast carcinoma patients.

Methods: The authors used polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion to characterize the variation of the CYP2E1, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, mEH and NAT2 gene in a total of 560 unrelated subjects (246 controls and 314 patients).

Results: The mEH (C/C) mutant and the NAT2 slow acetylator genotypes were significantly associated with breast carcinoma risk (p = 0.02; p = 0.01, respectively).

For NAT2 the association was more pronounced among postmenopausal patients (p = 0.006). A significant association was found between CYP2D6 (G/G) wild type and breast carcinoma risk only in postmenopausal patients (p = 0.04).

Association studies of genetic markers with the rates of breast carcinoma specific overall survival (OVS) and the disease-free survival (DFS) revealed among all breast carcinoma patients no association to DFS but significant differences in OVS only with the mEH gene polymorphisms (p = 0.02). In addition, the mEH wild genotype showed a significant association with decreased OVS in patients with axillary lymph node-negative patients (p = 0.03) and with decreasesd DFS in patients with axillary lymph node-positive patients (p = 0.001).

However, the NAT2 intermediate acetylator genotype was associated with decreased DFS in axillary lymph node-negative patients.

Conclusion: The present study may prove that polymorphisms of some XME genes may predict the onset of breast carcinoma as well as survival after treatment.

Author: Achraf Khedhaier, Elham Hassen, Noureddine Bouaouina, Sallouha Gabbouj, Slim Ben Ahmed and Lotfi Chouchane
Credits/Source: BMC Cancer 2008, 8:109

Thursday, April 17, 2008

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Male Gulf War Veterans and Civilians

http://hpq.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/13/4/529

A Further Test of the Single Syndrome Hypothesis

Donald S. Ciccone

UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, USA, donald.ciccone@va.gov

Lois Weissman

UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, USA

Benjamin H. Natelson

UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, USA

Different modes of fatigue onset in male Gulf War veterans versusmale civilians raise the possibility that chronic fatigue syndrome(CFS) may not be a single disease entity. We addressed thisissue by comparing 45 male veterans with CFS to 84 male civilianswho satisfied identical case criteria. All were evaluated forfibromyalgia (FM), multiple chemical sensitivity and psychiatriccomorbidity. CFS was more likely to present in a sudden flu-likemanner in civilians than veterans (p < .01) and comorbidFM was more prevalent in civilians (p < .01). These findingsquestion the assumption that all patients with CFS suffer fromthe same underlying disorder.

Key Words: comorbidity • diagnosis • fatigue • medically unexplained illness • veteran

Monday, April 14, 2008

Prevalence and risk factors for chemical sensitivity and sensory hyperreactivity in teenagers.

Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2008 Apr 8 [Epub ahead of print]

Links

Prevalence and risk factors for chemical sensitivity and sensory hyperreactivity in teenagers.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18403259?dopt=AbstractPlus

Andersson L, Johansson A, Millqvist E, Nordin S, Bende M.

Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.

The prevalence of chemical sensitivity (CS) and sensory hyperreactivity (SHR) was assessed in a teenage population. Among a random sample of 401 teenagers, 326 (81.3%) answered questionnaires assessing sensitivity to chemicals and noise, anxiety and depression. A subgroup of 85 teenagers conducted a capsaicin inhalation test. The estimated prevalence was 15.6% for general self-reported CS, 3.7% for CS with affective and behavioral consequences, about 1% for SHR. Sensitivity variables were positively intercorrelated. Risk factors for general CS were noise sensitivity (OR: 2.1), probable anxiety (OR: 2.5) and female sex (OR: 2.0). CS problems seem to be present also in teenagers, although less so than in adults. Furthermore, CS seems to be related to other environmental sensitivities.

PMID: 18403259 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Saturday, April 12, 2008

Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Maternal Rh-Negativity, and Rho(D) Immune Globulins: A Multi-Center Assessment.

In English, this study found a correlation between receiving thimerosal in vaccines and some neurodevelopmental disorders.

Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2008 Apr 11;29(2) [Epub ahead of print]

Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Maternal Rh-Negativity, and Rho(D) Immune Globulins: A Multi-Center Assessment.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18404135?dopt=AbstractPlus

Geier DA, Mumper E, Gladfelter B, Coleman L, Geier MR.

The Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc., Silver Spring, MD 20905, USA. mgeier@comcast.net.

BACKGROUND: Many formulations of Thimerosal (49.55% mercury by weight)-containing Rho(D) immune globulins (TCRs) were routinely administered to Rh-negative mothers in the US prior to 2002. OBJECTIVES: It was hypothesized: (1) if prenatal Rho(D)-immune globulin preparation exposure was a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) then more children with NDs would have Rh-negative mothers compared to controls; and (2) if Thimerosal in the Rho(D)-immune globulin preparations was the ingredient associated with NDs, following the removal of Thimerosal from all manufactured Rho(D)-immune globulin preparations from 2002 in the US the frequency of maternal Rh-negativity among children with NDs should be similar to control populations. METHODS: Maternal Rh-negativity was assessed at two sites (Clinic A-Lynchburg, VA; Clinic B-Rockville and Baltimore, MD) among 298 Caucasian children with NDs and known Rh-status. As controls, maternal Rh-negativity frequency was determined from 124 Caucasian children (born 1987-2001) without NDs at Clinic A, and the Rh-negativity frequency was determined from 1,021 Caucasian pregnant mothers that presented for prenatal genetic care at Clinic B (1980-1989). Additionally, 22 Caucasian patients with NDs born from 2002 onwards (Clinics A and B) were assessed for maternal Rh-negativity. RESULTS: There were significant and comparable increases in maternal Rh-negativity among children with NDs (Clinic: A=24.2%), autism spectrum disorders (Clinic: A=28.3%, B=25.3%), and attention-deficit-disorder/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder (Clinic: A=26.3%) observed at both clinics in comparison to both control groups (Clinic: A=12.1%, B=13.9%) employed. Children with NDs born post-2001 had a maternal Rh-negativity frequency (13.6%) similar to controls. CONCLUSION: This study associates TCR exposure with some NDs in children.

PMID: 18404135 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Wednesday, April 30, 2008

Influence of genetic factors on toluene diisocyanate-related symptoms: evidence from a cross-sectional study

Abstract (provisional)

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Tuesday, April 29, 2008

Incense smoke: clinical, structural and molecular effects on airway disease.

Vehicle emissions and consumer information in car advertisements

Abstract (provisional)

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Sunday, April 27, 2008

Alternatives for fragrance-allergic children.

Saturday, April 26, 2008

Thursday, April 24, 2008

Tuesday, April 22, 2008

Illness experience in fibromyalgia syndrome: A metasynthesis of qualitative studies.

Allergens Retained in Clothing

Susan Nedorost; Margaret Kessler; Thomas McCormick Dermatitis. 2007;18(4):212-214 Abstract

Monday, April 21, 2008

Electronic support groups, patient-consumers, and medicalization: the case of contested illness.

Chronic fatigue syndrome in male gulf war veterans and civilians: a further test of the single syndrome hypothesis.

Chronic fatigue syndrome in male gulf war veterans and civilians: a further test of the single syndrome hypothesis.

Sunday, April 20, 2008

Altered cortical excitability in subjectively electrosensitive patients: results of a pilot study.

Saturday, April 19, 2008

Green product seals are gray area

Occupational contact dermatitis due to essential oils.

Friday, April 18, 2008

Thursday, April 17, 2008

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Male Gulf War Veterans and Civilians

A Further Test of the Single Syndrome Hypothesis

Monday, April 14, 2008

Prevalence and risk factors for chemical sensitivity and sensory hyperreactivity in teenagers.

Saturday, April 12, 2008

Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Maternal Rh-Negativity, and Rho(D) Immune Globulins: A Multi-Center Assessment.

Blog Archive

Susan Nedorost; Margaret Kessler; Thomas McCormick

Dermatitis. 2007;18(4):212-214

Abstract