Deliang Tang,1,2 Tin-yu Li,3 Jason J. Liu,1 Zhi-jun Zhou,4 Tao Yuan,5 Yu-hui Chen,1 Virginia A. Rauh,2 Jiang Xie,3 and Frederica Perera1,2
1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, and 2Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; 3Chongqing Children Hospital, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, Chongqing, China; 4School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; 5School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
Abstract
Background: Environmental pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) , lead, and mercury are released by combustion of coal and other fossil fuels.
Objectives: In the present study we evaluated the association between prenatal exposure to these pollutants and child development measured by the Gesell Developmental Schedules at 2 years of age.
Methods: The study was conducted in Tongliang, Chongqing, China, where a seasonally operated coal-fired power plant was the major source of ambient PAHs and also contributed lead and mercury to the air. In a cohort of nonsmoking women and their newborns enrolled between March 2002 and June 2002, we measured levels of PAH–DNA adducts, lead, and mercury in umbilical cord blood. PAH–DNA adducts (specifically benzo[a]pyrene adducts) provided a biologically relevant measure of PAH exposure. We also obtained developmental quotients (DQs) in motor, adaptive, language, and social areas.
Results: Decrements in one or more DQs were significantly associated with cord blood levels of PAH–DNA adducts and lead, but not mercury. Increased adduct levels were associated with decreased motor area DQ (p = 0.043) , language area DQ (p = 0.059) , and average DQ (p = 0.047) after adjusting for cord lead level, environmental tobacco smoke, sex, gestational age, and maternal education. In the same model, high cord blood lead level was significantly associated with decreased social area DQ (p = 0.009) and average DQ (p = 0.038) .
Conclusion: The findings indicate that exposure to pollutants from the power plant adversely affected the development of children living in Tongliang ; these findings have implications for environmental health policy.
Key words: China, coal burning, lead, mercury, neurodevelopment, PAH–DNA adducts, prenatal. Environ Health Perspect 116:674–679 (2008) . doi:10.1289/ehp.10471 available via http://dx.doi.org/ [Online 30 January 2008]
