"When you choose to use fragrances, chemicals, or pesticides,
You are not simply making a choice for yourself,
You are making a choice for everyone around you."
© MCS America


Tuesday, December 30, 2008

Association of peripheral inflammatory markers with chronic fatigue in a population-based sample.

Brain Behav Immun. 2008 Dec 11. [Epub ahead of print]

Association of peripheral inflammatory markers with chronic fatigue in a population-based sample.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19111923?dopt=AbstractPlus

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365C Clifton Road, Room 5004, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

Alterations in the innate immune response may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). However, studies have been limited by small sample sizes, use of patients from tertiary care settings, inappropriate selection of controls, and failure to control for confounding demographic, medical and behavioral factors independently associated with immune activity. It is also not known whether specific symptoms account for observed associations between CFS and the innate immune response. To address these limitations, the current study examined plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), white blood cell count (WBC) and a combined inflammation factor in a large population-based sample. Log-transformed mean plasma concentrations of hs-CRP were increased in subjects with CFS (n=102) and in subjects with unwellness symptoms that did not meet diagnostic criteria for CFS (defined as "insufficient fatigue" [ISF]) (n=240) when compared to subjects who were well (n=115). Log transformed WBC was increased in ISF and was increased at a trend level in CFS. The combined inflammation factor was increased in both CFS and ISF. Subjects with CFS and ISF did not differ on any of the inflammation measures. In the entire subject population, the physical component summary score (PCS), but not the mental component summary score (MCS), from the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) was negatively associated with each of the inflammation measures. Depressive symptoms were also associated with increased log hs-CRP. After adjustment for age, sex, race, location of residence, BMI, depressive status and immune-modulating medications, subjects classified as ISF continued to demonstrate increased log hs-CRP, WBC and elevations on the inflammation factor when compared to well controls; however, associations between CFS and log hs-CRP and the inflammation factor were no longer statistically significant. After adjustment, PCS score also remained independently associated each of the inflammation measures. These findings support a role for innate immune activation in unexplained fatigue and unwellness, but do not suggest that immune activation is specific to CFS.

PMID: 19111923 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Normalization of leaky gut in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is accompanied by a clinical improvement: effects of age, duration of illness and the translocation of LPS from gram-negative bacteria.

Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2008 Dec 29;29(6). [Epub ahead of print]

Normalization of leaky gut in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is accompanied by a clinical improvement: effects of age, duration of illness and the translocation of LPS from gram-negative bacteria.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19112401?dopt=AbstractPlus

M-Care4U Outpatient Clinics, and the Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Belgium.

BACKGROUND: There is now evidence that an increased translocation of LPS from gram negative bacteria with subsequent gut-derived inflammation, i.e. induction of systemic inflammation and oxidative & nitrosative stress (IO&NS), is a new pathway in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). METHODS: The present study examines the serum concentrations of IgA and IgM to LPS of gram-negative enterobacteria, i.e. Hafnia Alvei; Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Morganella Morganii, Pseudomonas Putida, Citrobacter Koseri, and Klebsielle Pneumoniae in CFS patients both before and after intake of natural anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative substances (NAIOSs), such as glutamine, N-acetyl cysteine and zinc, in conjunction with a leaky gut diet during 10-14 months. We measured the above immune variables as well as the Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Rating Scale in 41 patients with CFS before and 10-14 months after intake of NAIOSs. RESULTS: Subchronic intake of those NAIOSs significantly attenuates the initially increased IgA and IgM responses to LPS of gram negative bacteria. Up to 24 patients showed a significant clinical improvement or remission 10-14 months after intake of NAIOSs. A good clinical response is significantly predicted by attenuated IgA and IgM responses to LPS, the younger age of the patients, and a shorter duration of illness (< 5 years). DISCUSSION: The results show that normalization of the IgA and IgM responses to translocated LPS may predict clinical outcome in CFS. The results support the view that a weakened tight junction barrier with subsequent gut-derived inflammation is a novel pathway in CFS and that it is a new target for drug development in CFS. Meanwhile, CFS patients with leaky gut can be treated with specific NAIOSs and a leaky gut diet.

PMID: 19112401 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Increased asthma and respiratory symptoms in children exposed to petrochemical pollution.

J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 Dec 24. [Epub ahead of print]

Increased asthma and respiratory symptoms in children exposed to petrochemical pollution.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19111332?dopt=AbstractPlus

Instituto del Desarrollo de Investigaciones Pediátricas (IDIP) Prof Dr Fernando Viteri Hospital de Niños SM Ludovica, La Plata, Argentina.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies show statistical associations between levels of air pollutants and respiratory outcomes. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the effects of exposure to petrochemical pollution on the respiratory health of children. METHODS: Children aged 6 to 12 years living close to the petrochemical plants in La Plata, Argentina (n = 282), were compared with those living in a region with exposure to heavy traffic (n = 270) or in 2 relatively nonpolluted areas (n = 639). Parents answered a validated questionnaire providing health and demographic data. A random sample (n = 181) had lung function measured. Particulate matter and outdoor and indoor volatile organic compound levels were measured during 4-week study periods and reported as overall means for each study area. RESULTS: Children living near the petrochemical plant had more asthma (24.8% vs 10.1% to 11.5%), more asthma exacerbations (6.7 vs 2.9-3.6 per year), more respiratory symptoms (current wheeze, dyspnea, nocturnal cough, and rhinitis), and lower lung function (>13% decrease in FEV(1) percent predicted) than those living in other regions. Length of residence in the area was a significant risk factor, but age, sex, body mass index, proximity to busy roads and other nonpetrochemical industries, length of breast-feeding, and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of children or their families were not. CONCLUSION: Exposure to particulate matter and volatile organic compounds arising from petrochemical plants but not from high traffic density was associated ith worse respiratory health in children.

PMID: 19111332 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Saturday, December 27, 2008

NEWSLETTER: MCS America News - January 2009

MCSA NEWS
January 2009, Volume 4, Issue 1

 

Entire PDF Edition: http://mcs-america.org/january2009.pdf  (View, Download, and Print)
NEW!  Entire Online Edition:
http://mcs-america.org/mcsanewsjanuary2009.htm   (View as a Webpage)

 

Direct Links to Articles Inside This Issue:

 

Hepatitis B Shot Linked to Male Developmental Disability

PDF Version:    http://mcs-america.org/January2009pg123.pdf

Online Version:  http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsJanuary2009.htm#_Hepatitis_B_Shot_

 

Applying for Disability Benefits for MCS:  Issues to Consider

PDF Version:    http://mcs-america.org/January2009pg45.pdf 

Online Version:  http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsJanuary2009.htm#_Applying_for_Disability_

 

Fibromyalgia Diagnosis and Treatment Part 3

PDF Version:    http://mcs-america.org/January2009pg6789101112.pdf

Online Version:  http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsJanuary2009.htm#_Fibromyalgia_Diagnosis_and_1

 

Beginning Work on a House with MCS

PDF Version:    http://mcs-america.org/January2009pg131415.pdf

Online Version:  http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsJanuary2009.htm#_Beginning_Work_on_1

 

Children's Cognitive Health in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)

PDF Version:    http://mcs-america.org/January2009pg16.pdf 

Online Version:   http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsJanuary2009.htm#_Children_and_Cognitive

 

Pesticide Exposure May Lead to Depression

PDF Version:    http://mcs-america.org/January2009pg1718.pdf

Online Version:  http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsJanuary2009.htm#_Pesticide_Exposure_May_

 

Restless Leg Syndrome Associated with Fibromyalgia

PDF Version:    http://mcs-america.org/January2009pg1920.pdf 

Online Version:  http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsJanuary2009.htm#_Restless_Leg_Syndrome_

 

Cardiovascular Evidence of MCS

PDF Version:    http://mcs-america.org/January2009pg2122.pdf

Online Version:  http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsJanuary2009.htm#_Cardiovascular_Evidence_of_

 

Q&A:  Insurance Coverage for MCS

PDF Version:    http://mcs-america.org/January2009pg23.pdf  

Online Version:    http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsJanuary2009.htm#_Q&A:__Insurance_

 

Diagnostic Markers for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)

PDF Version:    http://mcs-america.org/January2009pg24.pdf 

Online Version:  http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsJanuary2009.htm#_Diagnostic_Markers_for_

 

Restorative Sleep Resolves Pain?

PDF Version:    http://mcs-america.org/January2009pg25.pdf 

Online Version:    http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsJanuary2009.htm#_Restorative_Sleep_Resolves_1

 

Lifestyle Management Can't Cure Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)

PDF Version:    http://mcs-america.org/January2009pg2627.pdf 

Online Version:    http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsJanuary2009.htm#_Lifestyle_Management_Not

 

Patient Support & Resources

PDF Version:    http://mcs-america.org/January2009pg2829303132333435.pdf

Online Version:    http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsJanuary2009.htm#_Resources_and_Support

 

Community News

PDF Version:    http://mcs-america.org/January2009pg36.pdf

Online Version:    http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsJanuary2009.htm#_Community_News_

 

Featured Research Studies

PDF Version:    http://mcs-america.org/January2009pg373839.pdf

Online Version:    http://mcs-america.org/MCSAnewsJanuary2009.htm#_Featured_Research_Studies_2

 

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International award winner works in enforced solitude: Implications for health care providers

Jezierski, M.  International award winner works in enforced solitude: Implications for health care providers.  J Emerg Nurs.  1999;25:69-72.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925687?dopt=Abstract

Severely incapacitated by chemically induced permanent injuries, a North Dakota woman is conducting national research and activism within the confines of her home, with far-reaching consequences and recognition.
Thirteen years ago, Cindy Duehring, a pre-med student in Seattle, was severely poisoned when her apartment was treated with pesticides that were applied directly to her belongings, saturating her furniture, clothing, and other items. The exterminator told Cindy that the chemicals were so safe "a baby could lick them off the floor." Shortly after the fumigation, Cindy experienced nausea, diarrhea, hypersalivation, blurred vision, fatigue, and muscle cramps. Several times the symptoms were so severe that she went to a 24-hour clinic, where she was diagnosed as having a severe flu virus. Cindy was experiencing the classic symptoms of organophosphate poisoning. Unfortunately, the poisoning was not diagnosed until months later, when an astute physician recognized the symptoms and ordered serial cholinesterase enzyme testing, but by then it was too late. Cindy later learned that the company was violating federal law by using these chemicals and that her clothing should have been disposed of as hazardous waste. The pesticides, 2 chemicals illegally combined by the exterminator, were known to cause massive bird kills when used on golf courses and sod farms, as well as to poison people, resulting in numerous chronic health problems, including multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS). Not knowing the effects of the pesticides used, Cindy wore her treated clothing. This incident changed her life forever.
<snip>

Thursday, December 25, 2008

The food and drug administration agrees to classify mercury fillings.

J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2008;27(4):303-5.

The food and drug administration agrees to classify mercury fillings.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19105536?dopt=AbstractPlus

Legacy Emanuel Verified Level I Shock Trauma Center for Children and Adults, Legacy Emanuel Hospital, Portland, OR, USA. richardedlichmd@gmail.com

In the United States Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia Circuit, the Appellants Mom's Against Mercury, Connecticut Coalition for Environmental Justice, Oregonians for Life, California Citizens for Health Freedom, Kevin J. Biggers, Karen Johnson, Linda Brocato, R. Andrew Landerman, and Antia Vazquez Tibaul filed a petition for review of Regulatory Inaction by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). On Monday June 2, 2008, the lawsuit was settled with the FDA after it agreed to classify mercury fillings. During its negotiation session with the Appellants, the FDA indicated that it would change its website on mercury fillings. The FDA no longer claims that no science exists about the safety of mercury amalgam or that other countries have acted for environmental reasons only. On its website, the FDA now states the following: "Dental amalgams contain mercury, which may have neurotoxic effects on the nervous systems of developing children and fetus." The FDA also states that "Pregnant women and persons who may have a health condition that makes them more sensitive to mercury exposure, including individuals with existing high levels of mercury bioburden, should not avoid seeking dental care, but should discuss options with their health practitioner." The FDA decision to classify mercury fillings is a reflection of the legislations enacted in Europe and Canada that highlight the neurotoxic effects of mercury fillings.

PMID: 19105536 [PubMed - in process]

Heavy metal induced oxidative stress & its possible reversal by chelation therapy.

Indian J Med Res. 2008 Oct;128(4):501-23.

Heavy metal induced oxidative stress & its possible reversal by chelation therapy.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19106443?dopt=AbstractPlus

Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, India.

Exposure to heavy metals is a common phenomenon due to their environmental pervasiveness. Metal intoxication particularly neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, or carcinogenicity is widely known. This review summarizes our current understanding about the mechanism by which metalloids or heavy metals (particularly arsenic, lead, cadmium and mercury) induce their toxic effects. The unifying factor in determining toxicity and carcinogenicity for all these metals is the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The toxic manifestations of these metals are caused primarily due to imbalance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant homeostasis which is termed as oxidative stress. Besides these metals have high affinity for thiol groups containing enzymes and proteins, which are responsible for normal cellular defense mechanism. Long term exposure to these metals could lead to apoptosis. Signaling components affected by metals include growth factor receptors, G-proteins, MAP kinases and transcription factors. Chelation therapy with chelating agents like calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (CaNa(2)EDTA), British Anti Lewisite (BAL), sodium 2,3- dimercaptopropane 1-sulfonate (DMPS), meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) etc., is considered to be the best known treatment against metal poisoning. Despite many years of research we are still far away from effective treatment against toxicity caused due to exposure to heavy metals/metalloids. The treatment with these chelating agents is compromised with number of serious side-effects. Studies show that supplementation of antioxidants along-with a chelating agent prove to be a better treatment regimen than monotherapy with chelating agents. This review attempts a comprehensive account of recent developments in the research on heavy metal poisoning particularly the role of oxidative stress/ free radicals in the toxic manifestation, an update about the recent strategies for the treatment with chelating agents and a possible beneficial role of antioxidants supplementation to achieve the optimum effects. We have selected only arsenic, lead, mercury and cadmium for this article keeping in view current concerns and literature available.

PMID: 19106443 [PubMed - in process]

A comprehensive review of mercury provoked autism.

Indian J Med Res. 2008 Oct;128(4):383-411.

A comprehensive review of mercury provoked autism.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19106436?dopt=AbstractPlus

The Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Silver Spring, MD, USA.

Emerging evidence supports the theory that some autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may result from a combination of genetic/biochemical susceptibility, specifically a reduced ability to excrete mercury (Hg), and exposure to Hg at critical developmental periods. Elemental/inorganic Hg is released into the air/water where it becomes methylated and accumulates in animal tissues. The US population is primarily exposed to methyl-Hg by fish consumption. In addition, many pharmaceuticals have been, and some continue to be, a ubiquitous source of danger because they contain mercurials. Mercurials may be found in drugs for the eye, ear, nose, throat, and skin; in bleaching creams; as preservatives in cosmetics, tooth pastes, lens solutions, vaccines, allergy test and immunotherapy solutions; in antiseptics, disinfectants, and contraceptives; in fungicides and herbicides; in dental fillings and thermometers; and many other products. Hg has been found to cause immune, sensory, neurological, motor, and behavioural dysfunctions similar to traits defining/associated with ASDs, and that these similarities extend to neuroanatomy, neurotransmitters, and biochemistry. Furthermore, a review of molecular mechanisms indicates that Hg exposure can induce death, disorganization and/or damage to selected neurons in the brain similar to that seen in recent ASD brain pathology studies, and this alteration may likely produce the symptoms by which ASDs are diagnosed. Finally, a review of treatments suggests that ASD patients who undergo protocols to reduce Hg and/or its effects show significant clinical improvements in some cases. In conclusion, the overwhelming preponderance of the evidence favours acceptance that Hg exposure is capable of causing some ASDs.

PMID: 19106436 [PubMed - in process]

Wednesday, December 24, 2008

Is there an association between fibromyalgia and below-normal levels of urinary cortisol?

BMC Res Notes. 2008 Dec 22;1(1):134. [Epub ahead of print]

Is there an association between fibromyalgia and below-normal levels of urinary cortisol?

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19102778?dopt=AbstractPlus

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Adynamia in fibromyalgia (FM) may be an expression of a functional deficit of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and be associated with below-normal levels of urinary cortisol. Our aim was to demonstrate that urinary cortisol was lower in patients with FM than in healthy subjects. FINDINGS: We measured urinary cortisol levels for a sample of 47 women aged 29 to 64 years (mean age 53 years), diagnosed with FM 2-3 years previously, and compared the results with those for a control sample of 58 healthy women of a similar age. Samples of 24-hour urine were appropriately collected and levels of urinary cortisol were measured using the fluorescence polarization immunoassay method. The mean cortisol value for the women with FM was 65.40+/-27.10 microg/L, significantly lower than the mean cortisol level for the control group, at 90.83+/-38.17 microg/L (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study confirms that women with FM have significantly lower urinary cortisol levels than healthy women.

PMID: 19102778 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Tuesday, December 23, 2008

Facing the Challenge of Data Transfer from Animal Models to Humans: the Case of Persistent Organohalogens

Facing the Challenge of Data Transfer from Animal Models to Humans: the Case of Persistent Organohalogens

Alexander Suvorov email and Larissa Takser email

Département Obstétrique Gynécologie, Faculté de Médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12 avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4

author email corresponding author email

Environmental Health 2008, 7:58doi:10.1186/1476-069X-7-58

Published: 13 November 2008

Abstract

A well-documented fact for a group of persistent, bioaccumulating organohalogens contaminants, namely polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), is that appropriate regulation was delayed, on average, up to 50 years. Some of the delay may be attributed to the fact that the science of toxicology was in its infancy when PCBs were introduced in 1920's. Nevertheless, even following the development of modern toxicology this story repeats itself 45 years later with polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) another compound of concern for public health. The question is why? One possible explanation may be the low coherence between experimental studies of toxic effects in animal models and human studies. To explore this further, we reviewed a total of 807 PubMed abstracts and full texts reporting studies of toxic effects of PCB and PBDE in animal models. Our analysis documents that human epidemiological studies of PBDE stand to gain little from animal studies due to the following: 1) the significant delay between the commercialisation of a substance and studies with animal models; 2) experimental exposure levels in animals are several orders of magnitude higher than exposures in the general human population; 3) the limited set of evidence-based endocrine endpoints; 4) the traditional testing sequence (adult animals – neonates – foetuses) postpones investigation of the critical developmental stages; 5) limited number of animal species with human-like toxicokinetics, physiology of development and pregnancy; 6) lack of suitable experimental outcomes for the purpose of epidemiological studies. Our comparison of published PCB and PBDE studies underscore an important shortcoming: history has, unfortunately, repeated itself. Broadening the crosstalk between the various branches of toxicology should therefore accelerate accumulation of data to enable timely and appropriate regulatory action.

Sunday, December 21, 2008

Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on testes in guinea pig.

 Pak J Biol Sci. 2007 Dec 15;10(24):4519-22.

Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on testes in guinea pig.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19093523?dopt=AbstractPlus

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Iran.

This study is carried out to measure the changes in testosterone hormone level and changes in testes tissue on 36 adult male Guinea pigs that divided to 6 groups. Group A as control group exposed to nil Electromagnetic Field (EMF) for two hours per day for 5 days duration, group B exposed to 0.013 microT in 5 Hz to the Same duration period, group C exposed to 0.207 microT in 50 Hz in similar conditions, group D exposed for 4 h day(-1) for 5 days in 0.013 microT, group E tested in 0.207 microT as group D, group F used as controlled group exposed for four hours per day in nil electromagnetic field. Guinea pig blood was tested after 5 days. Then data analyzed by t-test. The results indicated a significantly difference between control group and tested group of four and two hours, testosterone level decreased (p < 0.001), also testes tissues were sampled and observed main tissue changes in some treatments.

PMID: 19093523 [PubMed - in process]

Friday, December 19, 2008

The kilauea volcano adult health study.

Nurs Res. 2009 Jan-Feb;58(1):23-31.

The kilauea volcano adult health study.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19092552?dopt=AbstractPlus

Bernadette M. Longo, PhD, RN, is Assistant Professor, Orvis School of Nursing, University of Nevada-Reno, and Department of Public Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis.

BACKGROUND:: Millions of people reside near active volcanoes, yet data are limited on effects to human health. The Kilauea Volcano is the largest point source for sulfur dioxide in the United States, releasing air pollution on nearby communities since 1983. OBJECTIVE:: The objectives of this study were to provide the first population-based epidemiological estimates and qualitative descriptions of cardiorespiratory health effects associated with volcanic air pollution. METHODS:: An environmental-epidemiological design was used. Exposure levels of Kilauea's air pollutants were determined by environmental sampling. Prevalence estimates of cardiorespiratory health effects in adults were measured (N = 335) and compared between an exposed and nonexposed reference community. Descriptions of the human-environment interaction with the long-standing eruption were recorded from informants in the natural setting. RESULTS:: Ambient and indoor concentrations of volcanic air pollution were above the World Health Organization's recommended exposure levels. There were statistically significant increased odds associated with exposure for self-reported cough, phlegm, rhinorrhea, sore and dry throat, sinus congestion, wheezing, eye irritation, and diagnosed bronchitis. Thirty-five percent of the informants perceived that their health was affected by the eruption, mainly current and former smokers and those with chronic respiratory disease. DISCUSSION:: Hypotheses were supported regarding particulate air pollution and the association with adverse cardiovascular functioning. This emerging environmental health issue is under continuing investigation.

PMID: 19092552 [PubMed - in process]

The expert patients programme online, a 1-year study of an Internet-based self-management programme for people with long-term conditions.

Chronic Illn. 2008 Dec;4(4):247-56.

The expert patients programme online, a 1-year study of an Internet-based self-management programme for people with long-term conditions.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19091933?dopt=AbstractPlus

Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Patient Education Research Center, 1000 Welch Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA.

OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the effectiveness of an online self-management programme (EPP Online) for England residents with long-term conditions. METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study. Data were collected online at baseline, 6 and 12 months. The intervention was an asynchronous 6-week chronic-disease self-management programme offered online. We measured seven health status measures (health distress, self-rated health, illness intrusiveness, disability, fatigue, pain and shortness of breath), four behaviours (aerobic exercise, stretching exercise, stress management and communications with physician), and five utilization measures (GP visits, pharmacy visits, PT/OT visits, emergency visits and hospitalizations). We also measured self-efficacy and satisfaction with the health care system. RESULTS: A total of 568 completed baseline data: 546 (81%) completed 6 months and 443 (78%) completed 1 year. Significant improvements (p<0.01) were found at 6 months for all variables except self-rated health, disability, stretching, hospitalizations and nights in hospital. At 12 months only decrease in disability, nights in hospital and hospitalizations were not significant with reduction in visits to emergency departments being marginally significant (p = 0.012). Both self-efficacy and satisfaction with the health care system improved significantly. DISCUSSION: The peer-led online programme conditions appears to decrease symptoms, improve health behaviours, self-efficacy and satisfaction with the health care system and reducing health care utilization up to 1 year.

PMID: 19091933 [PubMed - in process]

Are chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome valid clinical entities across countries and health-care settings?

Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2009 Jan;43(1):25-35.Click here to read Links

Are chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome valid clinical entities across countries and health-care settings?

 

Brain and Mind Research Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia. ianh@med.usyd.edu.au

OBJECTIVE: The validity of the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome and related chronic fatigue states remains controversial, particularly in psychiatry. This project utilized international epidemiological and clinical research data to test construct validity across diagnostic categories, health-care settings and countries. Relevant demographic, symptom and diagnostic data were obtained from 33 studies in 21 countries. The subjects had fatigue lasting 1-6 months (prolonged fatigue), or >6 months (chronic fatigue), or met diagnostic criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome. METHOD: Common symptom domains were derived by factor analytic techniques. Mean scores on each symptom factor were compared across diagnostic categories, health-care settings and countries. RESULTS: Data were obtained on 37,724 subjects (n = 20,845 female, 57%), including from population-based studies (n = 15,749, 42%), studies in primary care (n = 19 472, 52%), and secondary or specialist tertiary referral clinics (n = 2503, 7%). The sample included 2013 subjects with chronic fatigue, and 1958 with chronic fatigue syndrome. A five-factor model of the key symptom domains was preferred ('musculoskeletal pain/fatigue', 'neurocognitive difficulties', 'inflammation', 'sleep disturbance/fatigue' and 'mood disturbance') and was comparable across subject groups and settings. Although the core symptom profiles were similar, some differences in symptoms were observed across diagnostic categories, health-care settings and between countries. CONCLUSIONS: The construct validity of chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome is supported by an empirically derived factor structure from existing international datasets.

PMID: 19085525 [PubMed - in process]

Patients With Pain Disorder Show Gray-Matter Loss in Pain-Processing Structures: A Voxel-Based Morphometric Study.

Psychosom Med. 2008 Dec 10. [Epub ahead of print]Click here to read Links

Patients With Pain Disorder Show Gray-Matter Loss in Pain-Processing Structures: A Voxel-Based Morphometric Study.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19073757

Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (M.V., M.M., T.S., T.R.T.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany; Abteilung Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie (H.G.), Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie (C.S.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin (H.G., P.H.), Psychotherapie und Med. Psychologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany; Abteilung für Neuroradiologie (C.Z.), Institut für Röntgendiagnostik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany.

Objective: To investigate whether the functional changes in pain disorder might be reflected by structural brain changes. Pain disorder assessed with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) criteria is characterized by persistent and distressing chronic pain at one or more body sites which cannot be fully explained by a physiological process or somatic disorder. Psychological factors are thought to play a major role. Recent neuroimaging studies evidenced altered pain processing in patients suffering from this disorder. Methods: Fourteen right-handed women fulfilling the DSM-IV criteria for pain disorder and 25 healthy age-matched women were investigated with magnetic resonance imaging. In the voxel-based morphometry analysis, we compared both groups for changes of gray-matter density. We included age and Beck Depression Inventory scores as nuisance variables to minimize possible confounding effects of age or depressive comorbidity. Results: In the patient group, we found significant gray-matter decreases in the prefrontal, cingulate, and insular cortex. These regions are known to be critically involved in the modulation of subjective pain experiences. Conclusions: In the context of similar results in patients with other functional pain syndromes, such as fibromyalgia and chronic back pain, we suggest that structural changes in fronto-limbic brain circuits represent not only an objective marker of these pain syndromes but also constitute a critical pathophysiological element. These findings represent a further proof of the important role of central changes in pain disorder.

PMID: 19073757 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Saturday, December 13, 2008

Autism Spectrum Disorders and Identified Toxic Land Fills: Co-Occurrence Across States

Autism Spectrum Disorders and Identified Toxic Land Fills: Co-Occurrence Across States
http://www.la-press.com/redirect_file.php?fileId=1420&filename=EHI-2-Ming-et-al&fileType=pdf
http://tinyurl.com/6xgsbz

Xue Ming et a
Environmental Health Insights 2008:2 55–59

Abstract: It is believed that gene by environmental interactions contribute to the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We hypothesize that ASD are associated with early and repeated exposures to any of a number of toxicants or mixtures of toxicants. It is the cumulative effects of these repeated exposures acting upon genetically susceptible individuals that lead to the phenotypes of ASD. We report our initial observations of a considerable overlap of identifi ed toxic landfills in the State of New Jersey and the residence of an ASD cohort, and a correlation between the identifi ed toxic Superfund sites on each U.S. state and the total number of diagnosed cases of ASD in those states. The residence of 495 ASD patients in New Jersey by zip code and the toxic landfi ll sites were plotted on a map of Northern New Jersey. The area of highest ASD cases coincides with the highest density of toxic landfi ll sites while the area with lowest ASD cases has the lowest density of toxic landfi ll sites. Furthermore, the number of toxic Superfund sites and autism rate across 49 of the 50 states shows a statistically signifi cant correlation (i.e. the number of identifi ed superfund sites correlates with the rate of autism per 1000 residents in 49 of the states (p = 0.015; excluding the state of Oregon). These signifi cant observations call for further organized studies to elucidate possible role(s) of environmental toxicants contributing to the pathogenesis of ASD.

Friday, December 12, 2008

VIDEO: Diagnostic blood test for ME/CFS coming

VIDEO:  Diagnostic blood test for ME/CFS coming

Thursday, December 11, 2008

Nitric oxide modulation mediates the protective effect of trazodone in a mouse model of chronic fatigue syndrome.

Pharmacol Rep. 2008 Sep-Oct;60(5):664-72.

Nitric oxide modulation mediates the protective effect of trazodone in a mouse model of chronic fatigue syndrome.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19066412?dopt=AbstractPlus

Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India. kumaruips@yahoo.com.

The present study was conducted with the aim of elucidating the possible role of nitric oxide (NO) in the neuroprotective effects of trazodone used to treat chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in mice. Male albino mice were forced to swim for a six minute session each day for 7 days and the immobility period was recorded every other day. Trazodone (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) was administered each day 30 min before the forced swim test. In addition, L-arginine (100 mg/kg) and L-NAME (5 mg/kg) were administered 15 min before administration of trazodone (5 mg/kg). Various behavioral tests, including locomotor (actophotometer) and anxiety (mirror chamber and plus maze) tests, as well as biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, catalase, and nitrites) were evaluated on the 8th day. Forced swimming for 7 days caused a chronic fatigue-like condition, anxiety-like behavior, impairments in locomotor activity, and oxidative damage (increased lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels, and depletions in the reduced forms of glutathione and catalase activity) in animals. Pretreatment with L-NAME (5 mg/kg) potentiated the antioxidant effect of trazodone (5 mg/kg). However, L-arginine (100 mg/kg) pretreatment reversed the protective effect of trazodone (5 mg/kg) (p < 0.05). The present study suggests the possible involvement of NO signaling in the protective effect of trazodone.

PMID: 19066412 [PubMed - in process]

Wednesday, December 10, 2008

Complement activation in tear fluid during occupational mold challenge.

Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2008 Sep-Oct;16(5):224-9.

Complement activation in tear fluid during occupational mold challenge.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19065417?dopt=AbstractPlus

Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

Introduction: Indoor air quality is important in occupational healthcare when evaluating the health risks of a work environment. Components of the classical and alternative complement pathways are present in ocular tissues and fluids. The authors determined the levels of complement components C1INH, C3, and C4 in sera and C3a in tear fluids of normal persons and of those who were exposed to molds. Methods: Nine patients environmentally exposed to molds and 6 controls were selected from the Indoor Air Clinic of the Skin and Allergy Hospital. Tear fluid samples were collected from patients during the exposure to molds and after 2 weeks without mold exposure. At the same time, conjunctival cytology samples were obtained from each patient. Tear fluid was taken from 6 control subjects. All had negative skin prick tests to common environmental allergens. Results: In 4 patients subjective eye symptoms and tear fluid C3a levels decreased during 2 weeks of sick leave as did conjunctival eosinophils but other inflammatory cells were unchanged. Conclusion: Elevated complement C3a levels in tear fluids may be influenced by environmental exposure to molds. According to the authors' clinical experience, eosinophilia is not a consistent finding in patients exposed to molds. However, molds may cause eosinophilic inflammation in the eye.

PMID: 19065417 [PubMed - in process]

Plasma Cytokine Fluctuations Over Time in Healthy Controls and Patients with Fibromyalgia.

Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2008 Dec 8. [Epub ahead of print]

Plasma Cytokine Fluctuations Over Time in Healthy Controls and Patients with Fibromyalgia.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19064941?dopt=AbstractPlus

Department of Work Stress Control; Japan National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health.

We examined the pattern of cytokine secretion across the 24 hr day for women with widespread pain and tenderness having the diagnosis of fibromyalgia (FM) and matched healthy controls. Subjects were given time to habituate to being in a clinical research laboratory environment and then were sampled for cytokines without their being disturbed for a 24 hr period including an 8 hr sleep period. Cytokine levels were uniformly low but characterized by bursts of secretion. Bursting occurred either in singlets or in doublets with a range from 88 to 131 min between doublets. There was an element of synchronization of these bursts with most occurring at the beginning of sampling. FM patients showed a shift to increased IL-10 in the night-time compared to controls. The relation between this anti-inflammatory cytokine to the pro-inflammatory cytokines studied also differed between groups: FM patients showed a reduced ratio of IL-10 burst amplitude to that of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-8, and TNF-alpha. We interpret this to indicate a skew away from the normal balance favoring pro-inflammatory cytokines in controls toward one favoring an anti-inflammatory response in FM. These changes toward anti-inflammatory predominance in FM may explain their common complaint of disturbed sleep because these cytokines are known to disrupt sleep.

PMID: 19064941 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Restless Legs Syndrome Is Common among Female Patients with Fibromyalgia.

Eur Neurol. 2008 Dec 9;61(2):107-111. [Epub ahead of print]

Restless Legs Syndrome Is Common among Female Patients with Fibromyalgia.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19065057?dopt=AbstractPlus

Sleep Disorders Center, Avesta Hospital, Avesta, Sweden.

Background: The prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) among the general population is 2-15%, and with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) 2%. Both RLS and FMS are more common among women. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of RLS in a group of female patients diagnosed with FMS and to compare the occurrence of symptoms of daytime sleepiness and experienced sleep disorders between fibromyalgia patients with or without RLS. Method: Three hundred and thirty-two female patients, 20-60 years old, diagnosed with FMS at Skönviks Rehab between 2002 and 2006, answered a questionnaire mailed to their home address. The questionnaire consisted of the international RLS study group criteria as well as of questions concerning symptoms of insomnia and daytime sleepiness measured according to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Results: Nearly 64% of the women were also suffering from RLS. More patients suffering from both RLS and FMS were affected by problems of initiating and maintaining sleep than those suffering from FMS only. More patients suffering from both RLS and FMS did not feel refreshed on awakening compared with those suffering from FMS without RLS. The patients with concomitant RLS and FMS were more often hypersomnolent than those suffering from FMS only. Conclusion: This study shows that 64% of a group of female patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia also concurrently suffered from RLS. Compared with patients who suffer from FMS only, patients with both FMS and RLS more often experience sleep disturbances and pronounced daytime sleepiness. Copyright © 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.

PMID: 19065057 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

NEWS: Women surprised by home pollution

Women surprised by home pollution

In a new study of household contaminants, women asked for more scientific data on the sources and risks of chemicals found in their homes.

People tend to assume pollution stems from large-scale environmental problems and to downplay household sources, according to a new study in the December issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior (2008, 49, 417–435).

The research followed up on a household exposure study by the nonprofit Silent Spring Institute, published in ES&T in 2003, which measured 89 suspected endocrine disrupters in air, dust, and urine samples from 120 households on Cape Cod in Massachusetts.

<snip>

NEWS: Chemical sensitivity: It's a 'bizarre existence'

Chemical sensitivity: It's a 'bizarre existence'

POULSBO — There are two things Joan Walz says people usually notice about her. The first is her bright red hair. The second: her purple gas mask.

Without the latter, she says, "it's hold your breath and run."

Walz suffers from Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS), sometimes referred to as Environmental Illness, which renders those in its grasp susceptible to the most basic of household and societal chemicals. Darting through parking lots to avoid car exhaust, eschewing cigarette smoke and skirting past the aromas of perfumes, dryer sheets and building materials, to name a few, is a part of what Walz describes as a "bizarre existence" for those with MCS.

<snip>

Monday, December 8, 2008

Toxic Air and America's Schools - Searchable Database by School


To search a school near you, go to:

Sunday, December 7, 2008

Evaluation of a lifestyle management programme in the functional abilities and fatigue for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS/ME) patients

Evaluation of a lifestyle management programme in the functional abilities and fatigue for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS/ME) patients

http://www.bsrm.co.uk/news/NEWSLETTER-May2008-Final.pdf

 

T Gaber, J Priest, Bolton PCT, Bolton

 

Email: tarek.gaber@wwl.nhs.uk

 

Background: Bolton and Bury CFS/ME specialist service was established in 2004 as part of a UK wide £8.5 million investment to improve the care and equity of service provision for CFS/ME patients.

 

Aim: To evaluate the impact a lifestyle management programme has had on the functional abilities and severity of fatigue.

 

Method: The lifestyle management programme is delivered as a group or individual basis. The group programme is delivered over six fortnightly sessions of two hours. The programme integrated the principles of promoting graded activities (exercise) and cognitive behavioural therapy in an informal setting. Functional outcomes were measured before and after the programme using SF36 and severity of fatigue using  Chalder's fatigue scale. Patients' subjective views following the programme were also documented.

 

Results: Full data was available for 70 out of 112 participants in the programme. 49 were females. The mean (SD) of SF36 and Chalder's scale before the programme was 15.7 (4.8) and 8.8 (3.1) respectively and after the programme was 15.7 (5.4) and 6.1 (4.4). Using the T test, there was no significant difference between the mean values pre and post intervention. In general, the participants praised the programme and felt that it helped them to cope with their symptoms.

 

Conclusion: Most patients felt that the lifestyle management programmes improved their ability to cope with their disability. However, the programme failed to achieve either functional improvement or reduction in fatigue in CFS/ME patients. Further evaluation of the role of such management programmes for CFS/ME patients is needed.

Saturday, December 6, 2008

Dioxins and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality.

Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Nov;116(11):1443-1448. Epub 2008 Jul 22.

Dioxins and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19057694?dopt=AbstractPlus

Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

OBJECTIVE: In this systematic review we evaluated the evidence on the association between dioxin exposure and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in humans. DATA SOURCES AND EXTRACTION: We conducted a PubMed search in December 2007 and considered all English-language epidemiologic studies and their citations regarding dioxin exposure and CVD mortality. To focus on dioxins, we excluded cohorts that were either primarily exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls or from the leather and perfume industries, which include other cardiotoxic coexposures. DATA SYNTHESIS: We included results from 12 cohorts in the review. Ten cohorts were occupationally exposed. We divided analyses according to two well-recognized criteria of epidemiologic study quality: the accuracy of the exposure assessment, and whether the exposed population was compared with an internal or an external (e.g., general population) reference group. Analyses using internal comparisons with accurate exposure assessments are the highest quality because they minimize both exposure misclassification and confounding due to workers being healthier than the general population ("healthy worker effect"). The studies in the highest-quality group found consistent and significant dose-related increases in ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality and more modest associations with all-CVD mortality. Their primary limitation was a lack of adjustment for potential confounding by the major risk factors for CVD. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this systematic review suggest that dioxin exposure is associated with mortality from both IHD and all CVD, although more strongly with the former. However, it is not possible to determine the potential bias, if any, from confounding by other risk factors for CVD.

PMID: 19057694 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Efficacy of methylcobalamin and folinic acid treatment on glutathione redox status in children with autism.

Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Dec 3. [Epub ahead of print]

Efficacy of methylcobalamin and folinic acid treatment on glutathione redox status in children with autism.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056591?dopt=AbstractPlus

Departments of Pediatrics and Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic abnormalities and targeted treatment trials have been reported for several neurobehavioral disorders but are relatively understudied in autism. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether or not treatment with the metabolic precursors, methylcobalamin and folinic acid, would improve plasma concentrations of transmethylation/transsulfuration metabolites and glutathione redox status in autistic children. DESIGN: In an open-label trial, 40 autistic children were treated with 75 mug/kg methylcobalamin (2 times/wk) and 400 mug folinic acid (2 times/d) for 3 mo. Metabolites in the transmethylation/transsulfuration pathway were measured before and after treatment and compared with values measured in age-matched control children. RESULTS: The results indicated that pretreatment metabolite concentrations in autistic children were significantly different from values in the control children. The 3-mo intervention resulted in significant increases in cysteine, cysteinylglycine, and glutathione concentrations (P < 0.001). The oxidized disulfide form of glutathione was decreased and the glutathione redox ratio increased after treatment (P < 0.008). Although mean metabolite concentrations were improved significantly after intervention, they remained below those in unaffected control children. CONCLUSIONS: The significant improvements observed in transmethylation metabolites and glutathione redox status after treatment suggest that targeted nutritional intervention with methylcobalamin and folinic acid may be of clinical benefit in some children who have autism. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00692315.

PMID: 19056591 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 in fibromyalgia syndrome.

Clin Rheumatol. 2008 Dec 5. [Epub ahead of print]

Seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 in fibromyalgia syndrome.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19057847?dopt=AbstractPlus

Fizyotip Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, Mersin, Turkey.

This study was aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FS). Seventy-five patients with FS (44.3 +/- 8.3) and 75 healthy controls (44.2 +/- 8.1) were evaluated. Serum anti-B19 IgM and IgG antibodies were measured by ELISA technique. Patients were questioned about duration of symptoms, characteristic features of FS, and symptoms related with viral infection preceding the onset of FS. No significant difference was found regarding the prevalence of anti-B19 IgM antibodies between the groups (p = 0.494). Seropositivity of anti-B19 IgG of the patients was significantly higher than control group (81.3% vs. 64% respectively, p = 0.027). No statistically significant differences were found regarding to the clinical features between fibromyalgia patients with IgG antibody compared to those without IgG antibody. Parvovirus B19 IgG seropositivity was found to be significantly higher in patients with FS. Parvovirus B19 infection might have a role in the etiopathogenesis of FS or might act as a triggering factor.

PMID: 19057847 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Friday, December 5, 2008

A possible central mechanism in autism spectrum disorders, part 1.

Altern Ther Health Med. 2008 Nov-Dec;14(6):46-53.

A possible central mechanism in autism spectrum disorders, part 1.
 
Blaylock RL.
 
Belhaven College, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
The autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of related neurodevelopmental disorders that have been increasing in incidence since the 1980s. Despite a considerable amount of data being collected from cases, a central mechanism has not been offered. A careful review of ASD cases discloses a number of events that adhere to an immunoexcitotoxic mechanism. This mechanism explains the link between excessive vaccination, use of aluminum and ethylmercury as vaccine adjuvants, food allergies, gut dysbiosis, and abnormal formation of the developing brain. It has now been shown that chronic microglial activation is present in autistic brains from age 5 years to age 44 years. A considerable amount of evidence, both experimental and clinical, indicates that repeated microglial activation can initiate priming of the microglia and that subsequent stimulation can produce an exaggerated microglial response that can be prolonged. It is also known that one phenotypic form of microglia activation can result in an outpouring of neurotoxic levels of the excitotoxins, glutamate and quinolinic acid. Studies have shown that careful control of brain glutamate levels is essential to brain pathway development and that excesses can result in arrest of neural migration, as well as dendritic and synaptic loss. It has also been shown that certain cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, can, via its receptor, interact with glutamate receptors to enhance the neurotoxic reaction. To describe this interaction I have coined the term immunoexcitotoxicity, which is described in this article.
 
PMID: 19043938 [PubMed - in process]

Oxidative and Excitatory Mechanisms of Developmental Neurotoxicity: Transcriptional Profiles for Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Dieldrin and Divalent Nickel in PC12 Cells

Oxidative and Excitatory Mechanisms of Developmental Neurotoxicity:
Transcriptional Profiles for Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Dieldrin and Divalent
Nickel in PC12 Cells
http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2008/0800251/abstract.pdf

Theodore A. Slotkin and Frederic J. Seidler

doi: 10.1289/ehp.0800251 (available at http://dx.doi.org/)

Online 5 December 2008
ehponline.org

ABSTRACT

Background: Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity underlie the developmental
neurotoxicity of
numerous chemicals.

Objectives: We compared the effects of organophosphates (chlorpyrifos,
diazinon), an
organochlorine (dieldrin) and a metal (Ni2+) to determine how these
mechanisms contribute to
similar or dissimilar neurotoxic outcomes.

Methods: We used PC12 cells as a model of developing neurons and evaluated
transcriptional
profiles for genes for oxidative stress responses and glutamate receptors.

Results: Chlorpyrifos had a greater effect on oxidative stress-related genes
in differentiating
cells as compared to the undifferentiated state. Chlorpyrifos and diazinon
showed significant
concordance in their effects on glutathione-related genes but they were
negatively correlated for
effects on catalase and superoxide dismutase isoforms, and had no
concordance for effects on
ionotropic glutamate receptors. Surprisingly, the correlations were stronger
between diazinon
and dieldrin than between the two organophosphates. The effects of Ni2+ were
the least similar
for genes related to oxidative stress but there was a significant
concordance with dieldrin for
effects on glutamate receptors.

Conclusions: Our results point to underlying mechanisms by which different
organophosphates
produce disparate neurotoxic outcomes despite their shared property as
cholinesterase inhibitors
Further, apparently unrelated neurotoxicants may produce similar outcomes
because of
convergence on oxidative stress and excitotoxicity. The combined use of cell
cultures and
microarrays points to specific endpoints that can distinguish similarities
and disparities in the
effects of diverse developmental neurotoxicants.

Thursday, December 4, 2008

ACTIVISM: Missouri Green Cleaning Committee Letter Writing Campaign

Here's a chance to get your opinion in on the Missouri Green Cleaning Committee to help guide who and what should constitute green cleaning in Missouri schools.  As noted below, interest in this kind of legislation goes well beyond the Missouri borders. 
 
Jeanne in MO says there are only two of them on the committee that is largely made up of industry members with financial interests in selling their products.  The rest of us also need a voice to protect our children and ensure schools are a safe place for kids to learn.  Even more important, they need to be accessible to children and staff with fragrance sensitivities, MCS/EI, asthma, and allergies. 
 
There is a copy of a letter below, forwarded with permission from Jeanne, which you can sign and email to Tom.Quinn@dese.mo.gov,  Jeanne.kujath@dese.mo.gov; ag@ago.mo.gov; govelect@govelect.mo.gov; and formissourikidshealth@hotmail.com
 
You can also customize the letter in your own words or write your own.  The main thing is to do something.  Even if you are super busy, it only takes 5 minutes to scan this already written letter and send it off.  The kids will be glad you did!
 
If you'd like, cc me on the letter or tell me you sent one so I can let Jeanne know how many responded to her call for letters.
 
Sincerely,
 
Lourdes Salvador
 

Dear Mr. Quinn, Missouri School Board Members and Missouri Green Cleaning Committee Members,

 

It has come to my attention that the Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education has been tasked with developing and providing guidelines for green cleaning in schools as a result of state legislature SB 1181.  It is also my understanding that these guidelines must be in place by February 24, 2009.  Interest in this kind of legislation goes well beyond the Missouri borders.  The focus on protecting our nation's most valuable resource, our children, is a concern and a national trend all across America.

 

I am happy to see that Missouri is addressing cleaning products in the school setting and coming up with best practice policies.  However, I have some concerns regarding the structure of this committee and issues that I think need to be addressed.  They are as follows:


1.  This committee is over represented by members of the cleaning industry creating an imbalance in the committee and issues of conflict of interest.  These industry members are pitchmen for their products and for the companies they represent and while I appreciate their transparency and understand why they want to promote the products that are sold by the company's they represent, it's for this very reason, why their findings, conclusions and recommendations need to be treated skeptically by the Department of Education, other committee members, the media and consumers.  


2. Guidelines suggested for Missouri that are still being debated, based on Illinois' green cleaning guidelines were presented as the committee's template.  According to an email from Mark Bishop, from the Healthy Schools Campaign, the Illinois guideline includes oversights regarding the use of fragrances.  The inclusion of fragrances and air fresheners in the Illinois guide and potential Missouri guide, can create barriers for some children, staff, parents and other building visitors with disabilities including but not limited to asthma, chemical intolerance and developmental disabilities (1).  According to a 1986 U.S. House of Representatives Report: "In 1986, the National Academy of Sciences targeted fragrances as one of the six categories of chemicals that should be given high priority for neurotoxicity testing. The other groups include insecticides, heavy metals, solvents, food additives and certain air pollutants. The report states that 95 percent of chemicals used in fragrances are synthetic compounds derived from petroleum. They include benzene derivatives, aldehydes, and many other known toxics and sensitizers, which are capable of causing cancer, birth defects, central nervous system disorders and allergic reactions" (2).

 

3. There is an under-representation of advocates for disabled students, staff, parents and visitors such as developmental disabilities, asthma, etc.  With more than 17% of the children in the U.S. under age 18 (that's nearly 12 million children) suffering from one of more learning, behavioral or developmental disabilities and another 6.3 million children (roughly 8%) suffering with Asthma these issues are extremely important to Missouri families, the healthcare system and our school systems.  Asthma is the leading cause of hospitalization and school absenteeism in the U.S.  In 2001, 4 million children had asthma attacks. Worldwide, deaths from asthma have reached more than 180,000 annually.  Cleaning supplies including fragrances and air fresheners affect the indoor air quality and contain ingredients that have been linked to these illnesses and to asthma attacks.  These factors make it vital that there is a good understanding how these issues affect our children and their ability to attend school, learn in school, and reach their full potential (3, 4).

 

4. There is under-representation in this committee make-up of children's health and medical experts who have no vested financial interests.  These voices are important for the same reasons the advocates need to provide input.  It is vital that our children are able to breathe, think clearly, remember what is learned and be free of illness and not at increased risk of the disabilities and health problems associated with poor air quality exposures which are preventable causes of harm (5, 6).

 

5. There is under-representation of scientists and other professionals who are fragrance and chemical experts who have no financial conflicts of interests.  We need these professionals who understand the chemicals in the products and have no financial interest working with the medical experts to come up with what is best for our children.

 

6. There is no representation of Missouri School Nurses Association or the National School Nurses Association who are in charge of our children's health while they are in the school setting. 

7. There is no representation of any minority group in this committee and there was limited representation of women. Minorities and women suffer a disproportionate amount of illnesses related to indoor environmental quality health issues.


8. Issues have been raised that there is not enough transparency in committee activities and communications causing concerns of possible sunshine law violations and possible biased decisions.  Let's let the sun shine on this committee's activities, meetings and discussions so all can participate in our children's health and welfare and so there are no behind the scenes, or outright special interest being able to tilt the voice of reason and inhibit the precautionary approach to such an important topic.


9. The unnecessary time constraints put on this legislative task as a result of procrastination and low priority creates inadequate time for review of current science, inadequate compilation of a balanced and educated committee, very limited time to spread the word and get input from the public, and is not conducive to determining best quality recommendations and the best product being produced.  This is an important topic that deserves appropriate time spent coming up with what is best for the children.


10. There is a need for more generic guidelines in this recommendation with no brand stamping to eliminate the 3rd party certification to keep prices down and so we do not eliminate competition and small business development in Missouri and around the nation.


11. Another reason why we need generic guidelines with no product recommendations is to eliminate the 3rd party certification keeping prices down for school districts and making it financially feasible for all schools at all economic levels to make their schools equally healthy,  accessible and conducive to learning.  This would also eliminate financial conflicts of interest.

12. There are concerns that there was no education completed for committee members regarding children's health issues involved in indoor air quality and cleaning product ingredients to enable educated decisions.  According to the statute, "guidelines and specifications shall be established after a review and evaluation of existing research…" Education is a vital component in making paradigm changes and making informed decisions.

 

In order to avoid limiting access to individuals with asthma, allergies, chemical intolerance and other health concerns and to keep our nation's children, who are a vulnerable population by their very nature out of harm's way, a best practices recommendation for "green" cleaning in schools would best be modeled after the National Institute of Building Sciences and The Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board (Access Board) Accessibility Guidelines for Indoor Environmental Quality  http://ieq.nibs.org/om/bi_intro.php  Using this indoor environmental quality guideline from the access board for our schools is my recommendation to provide a generic, cost-effective, health oriented, all inclusive, best practices in green cleaning guide for schools.  I would like my letter and this information to be shared among the green cleaning committee members, the Missouri State School Board of Education and treated as public record.

 

Let's get our priorities in order – let us truly leave no child behind.

 

Sincerely,

 

 

Name

Address

 

References

  1. NIBS IEQ committee: Indoor Environmental Quality, Report by The Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board (Access Board), National Institute of Building Sciences, 2006 http://ieq.nibs.org/om/bi_intro.php 
  2. Neurotoxins: At Home and the Workplace, Report by the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Sept. 16, 1986, Report 99-827
  3. Key Facts About Asthma, American Lung Association, Accessed November 29, 2008 http://www.lungusa.org/atf/cf/%7B7A8D42C2-FCCA-4604-8ADE-7F5D5E762256%7D/key_asthma.pdf
  4. In Harm's Way: Toxic Threats to Child Development, Report by the Greater Boston Physician's for Social Responsibility http://www.igc.org/psr/
  5. Behavioral Measures of  Neurotoxicity, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 1990
  6. Neurotoxicity: Identifying and Controlling Poisons of the Nervous System, U.S. Office of Technology Assessment Congressional Report, OTA-BA-436, April 1990 http://www.princeton.edu/~ota/ns20/alpha_f.html

Immune cell counts and risks of respiratory infections among infants exposed pre- and post-natally to organochlorine compounds: a prospective study

Immune cell counts and risks of respiratory infections among infants exposed pre- and post-natally to organochlorine compounds: a prospective study

http://www.ehjournal.net/content/7/1/62
 

Background

Early-life chemical exposure may influence immune system development, subsequently affecting child health. We investigated immunomodulatory potentials of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and p,p'-DDE in infants.

Methods

Prenatal exposure to PCBs and p,p'-DDE was estimated from maternal serum concentrations during pregnancy. Postnatal exposure was calculated from concentrations of the compounds in mother's milk, total number of nursing days, and percentage of full nursing each week during the 3 month nursing period. Number and types of infections among infants were registered by the mothers (N=190). White blood cell counts (N=86) and lymphocyte subsets (N=52) were analyzed in a subgroup of infants at 3 months of age.

Results

Infants with the highest prenatal exposure to PCB congeners CB-28, CB-52 and CB-101 had an increased risk of respiratory infection during the study period. In contrast, the infection odds ratios (ORs) were highest among infants with the lowest prenatal mono-ortho PCB (CB-105, CB-118, CB-156, CB-167) and di-ortho PCB (CB-138, CB-153, CB-180) exposure, and postnatal mono- and di-ortho PCB, and p,p'-DDE exposure. Similar results were found for pre- and postnatal CB-153 exposure, a good marker for total PCB exposure. Altogether, a negative relationship was indicated between infections and total organochlorine compound exposure during the whole pre- and postnatal period. Prenatal exposure to CB-28, CB-52 and CB-101 was positively associated with numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes in infants 3 months after delivery. Prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE was negatively associated with the percentage of eosinophils. No significant associations were found between PCB and p,p'-DDE exposure and numbers/percentages of lymphocyte subsets, after adjustment for potential confounders.

Conclusions

This hypothesis generating study suggests that background exposure to PCBs and p,p'-DDE early in life modulate immune system development. Strong correlations between mono- and di-ortho PCBs, and p,p'-DDE exposures make it difficult to identify the most important contributor to the suggested immunomodulation, and to separate effects due to pre- and postnatal exposure. The suggested PCB and p,p'-DDE modulation of infection risks may have consequences for the health development during childhood, since respiratory infections early in life may be risk factors for asthma and middle ear infections.

NEWS: How Green Can a Christmas Tree Be?

Comment: This article has some helpful information about live Christmas trees and how to find one that is pesticide free.  It also has some websites hich can help to locate a source.

How Green Can a Christmas Tree Be?
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/04/garden/04garden.html?_r=1&ref=garden&pagewanted=print

LOCALLY grown, pesticide-free food is gaining sway these days because it is fresh, healthy and supports area farmers. But how many of us give the same kind of thought to the Christmas trees we bring home? Can you decorate your Fraser fir without getting pesticide residue in your lungs and on your skin?
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If you are looking for a Christmas tree that has been certified as organic or chemical-free, there are several Web sites that can help you.
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Wednesday, December 3, 2008

A possible central mechanism in autism spectrum disorders, part 1.

Altern Ther Health Med. 2008 Nov-Dec;14(6):46-53.

A possible central mechanism in autism spectrum disorders, part 1.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19043938?dopt=AbstractPlus

Belhaven College, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

The autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of related neurodevelopmental disorders that have been increasing in incidence since the 1980s. Despite a considerable amount of data being collected from cases, a central mechanism has not been offered. A careful review of ASD cases discloses a number of events that adhere to an immunoexcitotoxic mechanism. This mechanism explains the link between excessive vaccination, use of aluminum and ethylmercury as vaccine adjuvants, food allergies, gut dysbiosis, and abnormal formation of the developing brain. It has now been shown that chronic microglial activation is present in autistic brains from age 5 years to age 44 years. A considerable amount of evidence, both experimental and clinical, indicates that repeated microglial activation can initiate priming of the microglia and that subsequent stimulation can produce an exaggerated microglial response that can be prolonged. It is also known that one phenotypic form of microglia activation can result in an outpouring of neurotoxic levels of the excitotoxins, glutamate and quinolinic acid. Studies have shown that careful control of brain glutamate levels is essential to brain pathway development and that excesses can result in arrest of neural migration, as well as dendritic and synaptic loss. It has also been shown that certain cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, can, via its receptor, interact with glutamate receptors to enhance the neurotoxic reaction. To describe this interaction I have coined the term immunoexcitotoxicity, which is described in this article.

PMID: 19043938 [PubMed - in process]

The history of vaccinations in the light of the autism epidemic.

Altern Ther Health Med. 2008 Nov-Dec;14(6):54-7.

The history of vaccinations in the light of the autism epidemic.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19043939?dopt=AbstractPlus

Cypress Integrative Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.

Autism has been characterized as a behavioral disorder since it was first described by Leo Kanner in 1943. The number of autistic children has increased over the last decade. The incidence of autism was 1 in 10000 before the 1970s and has steadily increased to 1 in 150 in 2008 with a male:female predominance of 4:1. The cause of this epidemic has remained unknown, but several hypotheses have been studied. Many of these suggest an environmental trigger, such as the ethyl mercury contained in the preservative thimerosal, which has been used in vaccines since 1931. Other possible triggers associated with vaccinations are chemical toxins and live viruses. James has published studies suggesting a genetic predisposition in the families of autistic children, exposing them to a deficiency in glutathione and an inability to detoxify heavy metals. Vargas has shown autism to encompass ongoing inflammation in the brains of autistic children. The Hannah Poling vaccine decision was a landmark case. Poling's family was awarded funds for ongoing medical care of an autistic child who was found to have mitochondrial dysfunction exacerbated by vaccines that left her with autistic behavior and seizures. Several studies have emerged supporting the fact that a significant number of autistic children do have mitochondrial dysfunction. The impact that the Poling case will have on the ability of parents of autistic children to gain access to funds to enable them to properly care for their children remains to be seen.

PMID: 19043939 [PubMed - in process]

Tuesday, December 2, 2008

Accuracy of the Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia by Family Physicians: Is the Pendulum Shifting?

J Rheumatol. 2008 Dec 1. [Epub ahead of print]Click here to read

Accuracy of the Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia by Family Physicians: Is the Pendulum Shifting?

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19040299?dopt=AbstractPlus

.From the Department of Medicine, Soroka Medical Center, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; and the Ministry of Health Mental Health Center, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the accuracy of diagnosis of fibromyalgia (FM) by family physicians. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 646 consecutive patients newly referred to the outpatient rheumatology clinic of Soroka University Medical Center from January 1, 2005, until December 31, 2007. The kappa statistic was used to measure agreement between family-physician and rheumatologist diagnoses for FM in the total patient cohort as well as in groups stratified by ethnicity. Sensitivity and specificity of family-physician diagnosis of FM were calculated using rheumatologist diagnosis as the gold standard. There were no exclusion criteria. RESULTS: During the time period of the study, 646 new patients were seen in the rheumatology clinic. Of 196 patients referred with an initial diagnosis of FM, the consultant rheumatologist confirmed this diagnosis in 71% of cases. The overall kappa for FM diagnosis between family physicians and rheumatologists was 0.70 (p < 0.001), indicating a good level of agreement. Agreement was substantially lower among Bedouin patients (kappa = 0.35, p = 0.003). All other patients in our study were Jewish Israelis. Using rheumatologist diagnosis as the gold standard, overall sensitivity and specificity of FM diagnosis by family physicians were 87.4% and 88.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Family physicians in our region are able to accurately diagnose FM. Future studies might focus on evaluating the factors and biases accounting for differences in level of diagnostic accuracy for FM among various ethnic groups.

PMID: 19040299 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Mitochondrial disease in autism spectrum disorder patients: a cohort analysis.

PLoS ONE. 2008;3(11):e3815. Epub 2008 Nov 26.Click here to read

Mitochondrial disease in autism spectrum disorder patients: a cohort analysis.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19043581?dopt=AbstractPlus

Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.

BACKGROUND: Previous reports indicate an association between autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and disorders of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. One study suggested that children with both diagnoses are clinically indistinguishable from children with idiopathic autism. There are, however, no detailed analyses of the clinical and laboratory findings in a large cohort of these children. Therefore, we undertook a comprehensive review of patients with ASD and a mitochondrial disorder. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We reviewed medical records of 25 patients with a primary diagnosis of ASD by DSM-IV-TR criteria, later determined to have enzyme- or mutation-defined mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) dysfunction. Twenty-four of 25 patients had one or more major clinical abnormalities uncommon in idiopathic autism. Twenty-one patients had histories of significant non-neurological medical problems. Nineteen patients exhibited constitutional symptoms, especially excessive fatigability. Fifteen patients had abnormal neurological findings. Unusual developmental phenotypes included marked delay in early gross motor milestones (32%) and unusual patterns of regression (40%). Levels of blood lactate, plasma alanine, and serum ALT and/or AST were increased at least once in 76%, 36%, and 52% of patients, respectively. The most common ETC disorders were deficiencies of complex I (64%) and complex III (20%). Two patients had rare mtDNA mutations of likely pathogenicity. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Although all patients' initial diagnosis was idiopathic autism, careful clinical and biochemical assessment identified clinical findings that differentiated them from children with idiopathic autism. These and prior data suggest a disturbance of mitochondrial energy production as an underlying pathophysiological mechanism in a subset of individuals with autism.

PMID: 19043581 [PubMed - in process]

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